Checkpoint Money - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 281 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Money Essay Did you like this example? Checkpoint: Money Unit of account: This function of money means that money is used as the common foundation to determinate the prices of goods traded throughout the economy. Unit of account, or measure of value, means money is functioning as the measuring units for prices. In other words, prices of goods are claimed in terms of a common monetary unit. Unit of account lends meaning to losses and profitability. Currencies are usually used as a unit of account but objects can also be used, such as gold or silver. Example: a dozen of eggs costs $2. 00 and the price of a gallon of milk is $4. 00, without the common unit account I would say that the dozen of eggs costs ? of a gallon of milk. Medium of Exchange: When something is used throughout the economy as an intermediary instrument to facilitate payment for goods and services. One commodity in exchange for another and no exchange can occur unless the parties involved desire precisely what the other has to offer. Example: When I offer to clean my friends house in exchange for help with my math class, in this case I am offering a service in exchange of another service, the service we offer to each other is being used as money. Store of Value: This function means that money can be used to purchase the same quantity of goods and services that provide the same consumption value, in the future as it can purchase today. Inflation is the primary nemesis for the ability of money to store value. Example: If I buy a house now that the market is down planning on making money by selling the house when the market goes up. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Checkpoint Money" essay for you Create order

Climate Change Prompting Invention in Green Energy

Climate Change Prompting Invention in Green Energy Our world is changing dramatically. The very technologies that helped propel us into the industrial world are now proving to be a serious danger within the not so distant future. Climate change is occurring all over the world, primarily because of the increased levels of CO2 within the earths atmosphere that has been slowly but surely heating up temperatures across the globe. The evidence for climate change is apparent, which is then prompting politicians, scientists, and businessmen alike to look into researching and developing new green and eco-friendly technologies to provide the globe with the energy it needs without the added damage to the environment. Traditionally, oil and other natural gases were what were used to power all of the modern amenities of life. We built this country on coal and natural gasses, as oil helped fuel the push west and began a process of extreme industrialization that allowed the United States to become a major manufacturing power within the growing gl obal economy. Much of the technologies and resources we depend on today were created and fostered through the use of natural gases and coals. Today, most residential and commercial power still depends on such resources to run power for millions of people across the globe. However, as time continued, it was clear that our dependence on oil and gas has begun to have serious negative consequences on the earth that we live in. Natural gassesShow MoreRelatedGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesNew vs. Traditional GENERAL Intro: †¢ The first quarter of 2043 will be when the last newspapers land on front process all over America. 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Leadership At Cheap 2 Buy Shop Essay - 2951 Words

Assignment: 1 RESEARCH ON LEADERSHIP AT CHEAP 2 BUY SHOP STUDENT NAME: RAVI BABARIYA LECTURER NAME: ASIF KHAN INTRODUCTION I want to write this research on cheap 2 buy shop leadership because I am very close to it. The main purpose of this assignment is learn more about leadership of the manager of cheap 2 buy store. If I talk about research report of leadership is the way which thought I could actually know that how is managing so that I learn about their leadership style and skills. With the help of doing this research, I would be totally aware that how practically leadership skills are using. I would research on each and every aspect which affect to leader during leading which is like ethics, social responsibility, different types of style and so on. Moreover I want to focus on that how the leadership style is connected with society and how it could get power through influence to other and attract them. Scope of my leader is limited with his three branches of stores because he is managing his three branches of store so he has limited leading on staffs and managers of his stores. The Report would cover all types of factors which could affect to leadership. I have chosen organization which name is cheap 2 buy store. It sales all types of two $$ stuffs, stationary items, hardware item, party stuffs, cleaning stuffs and many day to day using products. This store has three branches which is in Glen Eden, Glen Innes and Henderson and I am going to talk aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Broadway Cafà ©- Porters Analysis1473 Words   |  6 Pagescafà © is located, is now undergoing magnificent cityscape projects valued over $2 billion dollars, which will bring more crowds to downtown. So every attempt to recover the business to yield success will have a high payback. 2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Rivalry: High The first force Michel Porter describes is the current Rivalry among existing companies. 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Taking a Look at Social Welfare - 591 Words

Social welfare is the promotion and distribution of material and physical aid by the government for citizens in need. A lot of people think just because you are on Welfare that you’re automatically living off the government but that’s not true, they think you’re too lazy to get a job, but that’s not true at all. I was once on Welfare when I had my little girl when I was living with my grandmother. I had Medicaid, food stamps, WIC, and Family first for they both of us. I had to get on Welfare to get my child in daycare, so I can find a job, but in order for me to do that I had to put her father on child support. Before they approved my welfare my child’s father and I had to take an DNA test, to prove that he was the father before they put him on child support. Most teenage girls are out having sex with multiple guys with no job, education, or any type of positive goals. They think if they get pregnant by a guy, he’ll stay, but that’s no t true at all. Just because a guy gets a female pregnant doesn’t mean he has the right or authority to be with the females. They can always pay their child support for the child an do what they have to do too take care of them without the child’s mother say so. Most of these ladies depend on Welfare to do everything for them instead of trying to do for themselves its not hard to try and find an job and do what you have to do o take care of your child. Children are not asked to be in this world, which means its ladies responsibilities to theirShow MoreRelatedWelfare Fraud : A Black Woman1289 Words   |  6 Pageswith the help of the media, the label of the black mother who lives on welfare, yet is able to afford a Cadillac. Her name was Linda Taylor, a Chicagoan who was infamously known to changing her name numerous times, participating in welfare fraud, and ultimately living a well-off life based on her scams. 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Kaahumanu Free Essays

Keri Yokoyama February 6, 2012 Social Studies Funk Queen of Manoa! Guess who was one of the most popular people in Manoa? Queen Elizabeth Kaahumanu of course! Kaahumanu was one of the most famous residents of all Manoa. She was famous because she made a big impact on Manoa! She was also the wife of Kamehameha; in fact, she was one of Kamehameha’s favorite (out of twenty-one! ). In this article, I will tell you all about Queen Elizabeth Kaahumanu and her impact on the Manoa Community. We will write a custom essay sample on Kaahumanu or any similar topic only for you Order Now In upper Manoa, she had a summerhouse. Its name was Ka Puka’oma’omao, meaning â€Å"the green gate. This makes sense because her house had a green gate and green shutters. The house had a blend of Polynesian and Western styles. In the book â€Å"Manoa: the story of a valley,† it says that the roof was probably thatched or peaked. (They don’t know but they are pretty sure it was. ) Kaahumanu had many friends and invited them to her summerhouse. Her house became a popular place to visit. The house is not there today, but the land that it was on is still there with nothing on it. If you go to Manoa Road and Oahu Avenue, there is a green overgrown path that leads to a tiny clearing covered with old hau trees. Keep going on the path and you will find the land that Kaahumanu’s house, Ka Puka’oma’omao, was on. Kaahumanu was also known for a fresh water well. Her well was located close to her home. It was on Huelani Drive. The name of Kaahumanu’s fresh water well was Kawaihuelani, meaning â€Å"The waters of Huelani. † People believe that mo’owahine, meaning, â€Å" Part-lizard, part-woman being† is the guardian of the well. Kaahumanu also made a difference to one school in particular, Punahou School. Kaahumanu ordered/suggested Boki (Oahu’s governor) and his wife, Kuini Liliha, to give the land of Kapunahou to Reverend and Mrs. Hiram Bingham. From there, they built a school, which became Punahou School. That is how Punahou came to be. After catching an illness coming back from a trip, Kaahumanu asked to be taken to her home in the mountains. She died in her home in Manoa. Manoa was a place she loved so that’s why she came back to visit one last time before her death. I hope you learned a lot about Kaahumanu and her impact on Manoa. There are many things about her that I found interesting and I hope you found interesting too! So now, to remember Kaahumanu as a queen and a resident of Manoa, think â€Å"Queen of Manoa! † Works Cited Bouslog, Charles, and Thelma Greig. Manoa: The Story of a Valley. Honolulu: Mutual Pub. , 1994. Print. â€Å"Kawaihuelani  » History | Hawai‘inuiakea. † University of Hawaii at Manoa. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. . â€Å"Queen Kaahumanu (1768 – 1832) Kamehameha’s Favorite Wife | Aloha Hawaii. † Hawaii Travel Guide – Plan Your Hawaiian Vacation | Aloha Hawaii. Web. 06 Feb. 2012. . â€Å"The Woman Who Changed A Kingdom – Hawaiian Queen Ka’ahumanu. † Coffee Times – 100% Pure Kona Coffee. Web. 07 Feb. 2012. . How to cite Kaahumanu, Papers

CIPD Certificate in Personnel Practice Essay Sample free essay sample

Tesco PLC is a UK-based international food market and general selling retail concatenation. It is the largest British retail merchant by both planetary gross revenues and domestic market portion. with net incomes transcending ?3 billion. It is presently the 3rd largest planetary retail merchant based on gross. behind Wal-Mart and France’s Carrefour but second largest based on net income. in front of Carrefour. Originally specializing in nutrient and drink. it has diversified into countries such as vesture. consumer electronics. fiscal services. telecoms. place. wellness and auto insurance. dental programs. retailing and leasing DVDs. Cadmiums. music downloads. Internet services and package. Mark Tesco has a portfolio of over 2. 000 international shops and 2. 300 UK shops. They employ over 285. 000 people in the UK entirely. Tesco besides operates in China. Czech Republic. Hungary. India. Japan. Malaysia. Poland. Republic of Ireland. Slovakia. South Korea. Thailand. Turkey and the USA 2. Its has a really diverse work force. prides itself on being an Employer of Choice and has been awarded the esteemed Investor in People rubric. We will write a custom essay sample on CIPD Certificate in Personnel Practice Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the shop in which I work there are over 500 employees. PESTLE Analysis PESTLE is a model of macro-environmental factors used in understanding strategic direction. 2. 1 Political/Legal Tesco employs over 285. 000 employees and must guarantee it adheres to employment Torahs and statute laws. including the Sexual Discrimination Act ( 1975 ) . The act was put in topographic point to guarantee that adult females are treated every bit and that they are non discriminated against because of their matrimonial position. Discrimination can be indirect and direct. Although the work force population is over 60 % female. there is still a big disparity between more senior direction and manager degrees. Merely 45 % of shop line directors are adult females. Tesco have taken some stairss to turn to this. Namely the ‘Brown Bag lunch’ launched by the Tesco’s Women’s web. The thought behind this was to give female employees the chance to talk to senior female directors. in order to portion experiences3. Tesco have made this move to guarantee that they continue to both train and develop their staff. without bias and legitimately. Tesco besides has to be aware of the Asylum and Immigration Act ( 2004 ) . Any employee working for Tesco must turn out their right to work in the UK. The HR map in each shop must conform with this Act and guarantee that all certification is obtained before the employee starts with the company. This is fundamentally either. a old papers which contains a National Insurance figure ( e. g. P45. P60 ) . a UK passport or a Pass with prescribed rights to work in the UK. The company could be fined ?5000 per illegal employee if cheques were completed and non-compliance was found. In add-on to this. the individual responsible for the overall direction of the records could be apt for prosecution. 2. 2 Economic Tesco relies mostly on the economic system. During times of recession and roar it must guarantee that it is supplying its clients with the right merchandises to fit disposable income. One illustration of how it can accomplish this is through its â€Å"Value† and â€Å"Finest† nutrient scopes. Customers are usually lead chiefly by monetary value. but another of import property to the shopping experience is the degree of client service offered. This means that employees are non merely ‘shelf-stackers’ or ‘till robots’ . they must offer personal. first category service in order to derive a competitory advantage over its challengers in this oligopoly market. This will be driven by the Human Resource map right from the Recruitment and Selection phase through to Induction. preparation and coaching. Equally good as the client focal point. the economic clime can besides impact the work force. When the authorities acts to guarantee basic public assistance and economic safety through consumer disbursement. it may raise the Minimum pay for all employees. As shops normally have a pre-determined budget for employment costs this may take to resourcing issues. For illustration if the lower limit pay is raised. so a section may hold less staff as they would now hold an increased labor cost ( if they maintained the same head-count ) . 2. 3 Social/Cultural Due to the nature of the concern. Tesco employ a batch of working parents as they can work about school hours or instead work dark displacements. There will be more alterations in Maternity wage in April 2010. At present a female parent is entitled to 39 hebdomads of pregnancy wage and this will lift to 52 hebdomads. This is an economic cost to any concerns including Tesco. but besides makes returning to work more moneymaking to the employee. In the long term this is a benefit to Tesco as labour turnover will be lower and they will non hold to incur the pecuniary and clip cost of enrolling and retraining a new employee. During the recession. there has been a high rate of unemployment. This has benefitted Tesco as it means that it can afford to be more selective when enrolling new employees. As other companies have laid off staff due to cutbacks or because they have gone into disposal or settlement. there are many more skilled workers who have now become unemployed or are confronting redundancy. This will inevitability profit Tesco as the cost for preparation and up skilling these people will be less than using person with fewer movable accomplishments. 2. 4 Technology Tesco has evolved massively since the company was started on a market stall. in London’s East End in 1919. Over the past 13 old ages they developed their on-line trade. presenting everything from fresh nutrient to TV’s and chase nutrient. This has taken some concern off from shops but has created many new occupations for ‘DotCom’ choosers and warehouse squads. Tesco Direct ( online shopping ) has besides been created to bring forth extra gross revenues to equal the likes of Argosand Homebase. To guarantee net incomes continue to turn. Tesco must guarantee that they keep up with the ever-changing engineering. They will necessitate the most gifted people and healthy fiscal investing for the research and development of these new engineerings. When the engineerings are beyond the pilot phases. they will necessitate people to put in these and besides train the several section staff on how to utilize them. One recent illustration of such is the installing of self-service check-out procedures. The engineering was developed. installed and so helpers were trained on how to run them. 2. 5 Environmental As portion of Tesco’s Corporate Social Responsibility it tries to understate clime alteration. Energy ingestion in each shop is closely monitored. non merely as a cost economy step but besides to understate the C footmark produced by each shop. This includes warming. illuming. electricity and bearer bag ingestion. Recycling is besides a cardinal focal point as it besides saves the warehouse clip and money if completed efficaciously. Many of the merchandises Tesco sells are in packaging. when this arrives in shop on bringing waggons it is farther bundle. Tesco has its ain recycling Centre. All composition board. plastic. plastic crates and flower pails are returned to this Centre and are re-used on other bringings or recycled. SWOT Analysis Strengths In Tesco. Customer service is something which is regarded the individual most of import thing in an employee’s twenty-four hours. regardless of whether they are a General Assistant or a Senior director. Geting the right people. in the right topographic point at the right clip is about more of import than acquiring the right merchandise in the right topographic point at the right clip. To be successful at this Tesco have a stiff enlisting and choice procedure and purpose to give all the right preparation and training an employee demands to give great client service and be efficient and productive in their responsibilities. Tesco are really proactive in their attack to recover market portion. ‘Tesco has increased its portion of the food market market for the first clip in about two old ages after duplicating the points accrued to its Clubcard trueness strategy. The latest informations from market research house TNS shows Tesco’s market portion rose to 30. 7 % in the three months to November’4 In order to make this they need the best people in the concern to develop strategic activities. These people may be out-sourced from a rival and ‘head-hunted’ by the Tesco’s Human Resource section. When Tesco recruits the right quality of people they besides need to guarantee that they retain these people. guaranting they are developed and supported throughout their calling. Tesco have a bi-annual study called Viewpoint. This was put into topographic point to give employees the ability to notice on a whole host of subjects such as their functions. director behavior. calling d evelopment and the benefit and wages systems in topographic point. Failings Debt is a major concern for any concern. It makes funding for new undertakings hard and can besides impact greatly on the work force and the HR map. Tesco’s. one-fourth 3 fiscal information shows a net debt of ?15billion. This consists of a figure of long term and short term debts in a figure of states. 5 Tesco do hold an implicit in dependence on the UK market. Over 50 % of company gross revenues come from the UK. They can utilize this to their advantage though as they have a solid base and concern theoretical account to reassign to their enlargement schemes in Europe. Asia and the Americas. Opportunities Tesco have made major stairss over the last few old ages to construct its Non nutrient retail subdivision of the concern. ( e. g. its Telecoms factor. in which I work. will turn to 250 shops by Christmas 2010 ) . Tesco have programs to travel into the Banking and Insurance sector and program to offer mortgages and banking histories to its clients. They will travel into a pre-established market so will necessitate to enroll and develop the best skilled industry experts in order to put to death this successfully. At store degree. helpers on other sections may wish to reassign into these ventures in shop. Shop directors. Forces directors and the HR section will necessitate to work closely to guarantee the right people are in these new functions. Menaces One specific posable menace to Tesco is the insurgency of American opposite numbers such as Walmart and Best-buy. Walmart are the parent company of ASDA PLC Ltd. Tesco UK LTD’s closest challengers. Walmart are a much bigger company in footings of planetary net incomes and investing power. If Walmart begin to spread out in other markets such as Europe and Asia. so this may impact greatly on the success of Tesco’s international enlargement. Tesco program to spread out and has late expanded its shop portfolio in China and will go on to spread out in markets outside the UK. To make this they need working capital and skilled. experient employees to implement the programs. Personnel Activities and sub-contracted activities HR Activities Human resource planning is defined as:â€Å"The development of schemes for fiting the size and accomplishments of the work force to organisational demands. Human resource planning aids organisations to enroll. retain. and optimise the deployment of the forces needed to run into concern aims and to react to alterations in the external environment. The procedure involves transporting out a accomplishments analysis of the bing work force. transporting out manpower prediction. and taking action to guarantee that supply meets demand. This may include the development of preparation and retraining strategies† . Tesco are committed to obtaining the best work force. in footings of both quality and measure. to supply the best client experience through service and merchandise as I have antecedently discussed. Most General Assistant places in shop are recruited by the relevant subdivision directors with the aid of the Personnel Manager. Pre-determined budgets are sent down from the cardinal HR section to each shop ; places are so advertised and recruited by the shop. There has been a turning tendency within Tesco to beginning directors externally. particularly for new concern ventures such as Telecoms and finance. This ensures they recruit the best people with the right accomplishments sets. Telecommunications for illustration. were a joint venture with O2 originally. Over 70 % of Telecoms directors were recruited externally as Tesco had no experience internally to run these concerns within a concern. Now they plan to open another 100 Phone Shops by the terminal of 2010 and take to make full around 60 % of these new direction place vacancies internally. If Tesco do non efficaciously plan out their resource demands. they could happen themselves short-handed which in bend could impact the effectivity of the section and leave Tesco vulnerable to present hapless client service. merchandise handiness. morale. high labor turnover and a whole host of related jobs. Employee public assistance is high on the docket at Tesco. Tesco offers discounted rank to a HSA strategy. whereby employees can pay a per centum of their rewards to supply screen for a broad scope of medical interventions including alveolar consonant. good being and general wellness. They besides offer flexible working. personal yearss ( an excess yearss vacation. normally taken in December ) and an Employee Aid plan ( covering dependence. marital. bereavement etc ) . This is put in topographic point to back up employees in order to cut down absenteeism. better good being and better morale. Another cardinal function of the HR map is to supply directors with a structured subject and grudge process and to offer aid and aid on its execution. The procedure is clearly defined to an employee throughout their initiation. contract and employee enchiridion. Both capableness and behavior issues are dealt with by following a set protocol aimed at helping the employee to acquire to the needed criterion in a transparent and just process. Failure to make this could take to low morale. low productiveness. employee courts and bad imperativeness to call but a few. Sub-contracted Activities Any employee working within security. finance and public contact with bush leagues ( for illustration security officers and hard currency office workers ) must hold a 10 twelvemonth CRB cheque completed. The Criminal Records Bureau are a authorities administration put in topographic point to guarantee that the right people are recruited for places of trust. A 10 twelvemonth cheque will guarantee that Tesco do non enroll undesirables into the company who may move in discordance to what is just and illegal. Tesco by and large out-source service for their cleansing demands. This enables shops to acquire skilled and efficient cleaners. A monolithic benefit of this is that. in shop employees can concentrate on their occupation and answerability for the cleanliness in shop is monitored both by the cleansing company itself and by the Services Manager in shop. Evaluation of the impact of the Personnel section â€Å"Effective leading is a cardinal enabler as it provides the vision and the principle for alteration. Different manners of leading have been identified. for illustration coercive. directive. advisory and collaborative. These different manners may each be appropriate depending on the type and graduated table of alteration being undertaken. For illustration. when there is a large-scale organisation-wide alteration a directing manner has been identified as most effective†7. As Tesco can most surely be classed as a large-scale administration and common alterations affect the concern nationally. Head office tends to filtrate pertinent information down in a direct manner. The HR map is no different. When a policy or process alterations comes approximately. the HR section will direct it down to the Shop Directors and the Personnel directors in shop. They so portion this information with section directors and this is so communicated to all employees within that section. This sort of construction is merely effectual if the information relayed is structured. functional and to the full understood. Normally. Tesco would keep workshops for the relevant directors so that preparation can be adapted to different shop constructions and that intensive inquiry and reply Sessionss could be held. This is good to both the HR section and the shops. as policies can be adapted or modified to reflect a realistic manner of implementing policy at shop degree. The size of the HR map in shop is comparative to the shops turnover. In an ‘Extra’ format shop. there will be a Personnel Manager chiefly based in that shop. In smaller shops such as a ‘Metro’ or ‘Express’ there is a Personnel Manager for a bunch of shops. In theory this is effectual. as a Personnel Manager in an Excess format shop would offer support to the single subdivision directors on a day-to-day footing. However. in smaller shops this may be really diluted if the Personnel Manager merely visits the shop on a bi-weekly footing. Whilst the Personnel Manager for a bunch of smaller shops. may merely be a phone call off. it could be questioned if smaller shops would problem the Personnel Manager by picking up the phone to discourse a little issue. This attitude could convey the effectual execution of policy and process into discredit and could take to employment courts. Many of the primary HR maps are dealt with at shop degree. Head office writes the policies and processs and so Department Managers adhere to these when covering with issues at shop degree. For illustration. in the enlisting and choice for a new shop. caput office will plan enlisting and choice policies and processs. calculate desired caput count and so authorise the in shop squad to enroll these places. Once recruited. Tesco are really committed to developing and developing their work force. Each general helper is given a lower limit of two reappraisals a twelvemonth. This is designed to reexamine calling aspirations. bring forth following stair ss and countries for betterment and give the employee the chance to give and have feedback on their overall public presentation. This gives the employee a sense of importance and boasts morale as it gives an person personalised clip to discourse their importance within the concern. If people are non trained and developed decently they can go apathetic towards their work. hold low end product and are more likely to hold sporadic and long-run absences. The mean cost of employee absence to a concern is ?692 per twelvemonth per employee. 8 For a company with over 280. 000 employees this is an astronomical figure. As stated earlier. the Personnel section must guarantee they do their upmost to guarantee employees have every bit small clip off work as possible. At Tesco. each clip an employee is absent from work. they must go to a session. with either their line director or the Personnel Manager. called S. Y. A. Supporting Your Attendance is designed to bring out any implicit in grounds for absence and supply support and aid to acquire people back in to work every bit shortly as possible. This could everything from o rganizing flexible working agreements to assisting employees confronting drink or drugs jobs. This promotes employee wellbeing and boasts staff morale as employees feel valued and cared for. Decisions Tesco’s ‘Viewpoint‘ study encourages all employees to notice on how they view working for Tesco and Tesco as a company in general. It has taken remarks made on board both at shop and at a company degree. Something every bit simple as non holding adequate cabinets can do employees disgruntled and take onto much larger jobs. To guarantee employees experience valued both for their accomplishments. accomplishments and positions. Tesco must go on to listen to its work force and develop policies which adapt to the ever-growing demands of the work force. More employees are now looking towards the benefits bundles offered by an employer. Estimating what employees need and understanding what adds value will assist keeping and do the company more attractive to a possible employee. Judging from the cost of absence to the concern and the damaging consequence that a decreased caput count could hold to gross revenues. Tesco must make everything they can to protect themselves against this loss. The Supporting Your Attendance ( SYA ) process is really effectual at shop degree when carried out each clip an employee is absent. The SYA procedure merely takes 5 proceedingss to carry on when an employee returns to work but can salvage the concern a luck in lost gross and rewards. Employment jurisprudence is updated bi-annually. the Head Office Personnel Department must guarantee they continue to adhere to statute law and develop and keep policies and processs for new add-ons. Positive stairss have been taken to acquire more adult females into senior places and to follow with the Sexual Discrimination Act 1975. Tesco must endeavour to give equal chance at all degrees within the company. The impact of the Personnel Managers’ function at store degree may change harmonizing to the size of the shop and the distance between shops. In Extra format shops. the Personnel Manager will be chiefly on that site. whereas in Express and Metro shops may happen that their Personnel Manager visits infrequently. This needs to be monitored for effectivity on a store-by-store footing by the cardinal HR section. The Viewpoint study consequences for shops would be a good index of the effectivity of multi-location Personnel Managers. As Tesco continues to turn worldwide it must guarantee all new employees are trained and developed inline with the company mission statement and nucleus values. Tesco must go on to concentrate on enrolling the best staff available in each geographical country. Obviously market demand and handiness of labor will change. At present. they are utilizing trained specializers in the UK market to develop and develop squads in new investings and ventures across the universe. This ensures they have the local cognition from a client and merchandise position and besides the Tesco cognition to back up the company vision. All in all. Tesco’s Personnel map is good established and is able to run efficaciously due to the shear volume of HR forces in caput office and at store degree. The directing attack they take to planing and implementing all policy and processs works efficaciously. 7. Recommendations Short-run planning ( instantly )In the short-run. I would urge:For Tesco to revisit the occupation specification and individual specification for all new concern ventures. ( e. g. Telecoms. Banking and International ) . As Tesco becomes more market cognizant. the accomplishments required for each function may alter as they try to obtain a ‘best-fit‘ for the ever-evolving functions through the ‘forming-storming-norming-performing‘ ( Tuckman. 1965 ) rhythm. I predict that this will take two months for 3 HR forces to analyze and measure at a cost of around ?30. 000. Once this occupation rating has been completed. application signifiers for places in Tesco should be revised. They do non supply adequate information to determine indispensable inside informations about a possible employee. They have omitted instruction and placed excessively much focal point on psychometric information. Not all General Assistants functions are the same and a generic signifier makes it hard to associate changing individual specifications from informations inputted to the signifier. For illustration an employee working on the Electrical section. selling complex merchandises would necessitate both proficient cognition and personal accomplishments over and above that of an employee who stacks shelves. It would be more good for certain functions in shop to hold extended application signifiers with more specific Fieldss for gross revenues experience. preparation. duties undertaken. educational background and more inquiries based on the occupation specification for the function. I anticipate that to redesign the application signifiers would take a HR Manager a hebdomad to finish e fficaciously and distribution to all Tesco Extra shops would be about ?300 per shop. Mid-term planning ( 2-3 months )In the mid-term. I would urgeTo go on to move upon the feedback given by employees in the Viewpoint study. The following study to be conducted in shops is in February 2010. Some employee demands may be somewhat over-ambitious. but each shop should see each remark on a individual footing and weigh up the cost of execution against the chance cost of altering nil. Viewpoint itself takes about 20 proceedingss per employee and has a cost of around ?5 per employee. They are normally held in each shops developing room. Long-run planning ( 6 months+ )In the long-run. I would urge:Tesco should go on to advance equality within the work force. The ‘Brown paper bag lunch’ for Tesco’s female employees. evidently has an affiliated clip and fiscal deduction but benefits massively in footings of employee trueness and battle. The same can be said for flexible working agreements for parents and defenders. There are many Torahs and statute laws. that can alter bi-annually. which must be adhered to non merely to advance workforce battle but for Tesco have to stay legal and avoid employment courts. The HR section must guarantee they create/adapt their policies to reflect alterations in April and October of each twelvemonth. These alterations must be passed down to hive away degree and signed off by senior direction instantly after statute law is passed. All parties involved must guarantee that lines of communicating are kept unfastened. Feedback on policy and policy execution should be given. whenever necessary. in a timely manner. 8. Reference list 1 Wikipedia. ( 2009 ) . â€Å"Tesco† [ online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tesco [ accessed 20th September 2009 ] 2 Tesco. ( May 2009 ) . â€Å"Quick facts† [ online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tescocorporate. com/plc/media/qf [ accessed 25th November 2009 ] 3 TESCO – The One Newspaper. â€Å"Tesco is top for women† November edition. 2009 4 Finch. Julia. The Guardian Newspaper [ online ] . â€Å"Tesco addition market share† . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. defender. co. uk/business/2009/nov/10/tesco-waitrose-win-market-share/print. [ accessed 6th December 2009 ] 5 Tesco. ( December 2009 ) [ on-line ] . â€Å"Tesco PLC – funding† . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tescoplc. com/plc/ir/financials/debtinfo/funding/ [ accessed 28th December 2009 ] . 6 BNet concern dictionary [ online ] â€Å"Human Resource Planning† . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //dictionary. bnet. com/definition/human+resource+planning. hypertext markup language.[ accessed 6th December 2009 ] 7 CIPD. ( May 2009 ) [ on-line ] . â€Å"Change Management† . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. cipd. co. uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/changemmt/chngmgmt. htm? IsSrchRes=1 [ accessed 9th December 2009 ] 8 CIPD. ( July 2009 ) [ on-line ] . â€Å"Absence measuring and Management† . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. cipd. co. uk/subjects/hrpract/absence/absncman. htm [ accessed 29th December 2009 ]

Cover-Ups and Lies free essay sample

This paper looks at the Kennedy Assassination and the conspiracy theories that surround it. This paper discusses the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and the unanswered questions that surround his death. The author looks at some of the conspiracy theories that have risen over the years, such as whether Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, was Kennedy shot in the front or the back of the head, why is there a different coffin when the body is unloaded from the plane? November 22, 1963 was an important and sorrowful day in American history. It was the day John F. Kennedy was shot. Many of the facts from this day are common knowledge to almost anyone who has ever taken a high school level class in history. Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, who was hiding in the Texas Schoolbook Depository, as his car passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas , Texas . These are the accepted facts of the assassination; however, many Americans believe there is more to this story, possibly even a government cover-up. We will write a custom essay sample on Cover-Ups and Lies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Any conspiracy buff knows that there are several unanswered questions and facts that simply dont add up. For example, did Oswald act alone? If he did, could he have fired all the shots in that short of time? Was Kennedy hit in the front or the back of the head? The answers to these and other questions have led many Americans to believe that the assassination of John F. Kennedy was part of a conspiracy by our own government. The question that I have asked myself many times is: Is the government telling us the truth?

Form A speech at a Womans Rights conference Essay Example For Students

Form: A speech at a Womans Rights conference Essay Contention: Frances decision to restrict the wearing of religious symbolsis unjustifiedIn December last year, French President Jacques Chirac proposed a law toban all conspicuous signs of religious belief form state schools and publicbuildings. This ban would include the wearing of Muslim headscarves,Jewish skullcaps and large Christian crosses. The government-sponsoredcommission had recommended that new laws were needed to protect secularismin France. Although the bans are to include Jewish and Christian religioussymbols, much attention has been given to the proposed banning of theMuslim hijab and burqa. Today I will explain why Frances decision torestrict the wearing of religious symbols is unjustified. From the beginning of time society has consisted of people who woredifferent garments and accessories as an expression of their individualityand religious beliefs. In todays world this freedom of expression isbeing frowned upon and considered to be dangerous in the tolerant world wesupposedly live in. Frances recent decision to ban conspicuous religioussymbols is exactly the kind of action that discriminates against allreligious groups who wear badges of identity. By banning these religious items, the French are discriminating against allreligious groups, not just Muslims. France is well known for its manydifferent cultures and religious within its communities. In fact thegreater part of the population is of a devout faith, from Catholics to Jewsand even a large number of Sikhs. So how can this country with only aminority of atheists be prejudice against those who wish to express theirbeliefs? To allow such a ridiculous proposition such as this where thosewho are affected greatly outnumber those that arent, is absurd. Thegovernment is discriminating against the majority of their population. Both the hijab and burqa, contrary to the publics beliefs are worn throughpersonal choice. The hijab is a traditional Islamic gown and headscarfthat covers a womans body from the neck down to the toe, leaving her faceand hands visible. The burqa is a similar gown, but it also covers theface and hands. There is no denying that a small minority of Muslim womenis actually forced to wear either of these gowns outside of the MiddleEast. But many Muslim women say that they choose to wear the hijab orburqa because they feel it protects their modesty and encourages men toengage with them on an intellectual, rather than a sexual level. Though Islamic practices may seem alien to non-Muslims, a degree oftolerant within society is needed. Islamic beliefs are based upon enteringinto a condition of peace and security with their god Allah throughallegiance and surrender to him. In doing so woman are to draw their head-veils over their necks and bosoms, and to reveal their adornments expect totheir own husbands (Koran, An Nur 24: 30-31). How can one be expected tonot show their faith towards their own religion, when it is written in thelaw that governs their beliefs?Societies interpretation of the veil is based upon the little knowledgethey have of Islam. Though it may be seen to symbolize the oppression ofMuslim woman and girls, this is incorrect. For a woman of Islam it is atestament to her faith that she should not show her beauty or adornments. As a chaste, modest, pure woman, she does not want her sexuality to enterinto interactions with men in the smallest degree. A woman who coversherself is concealing her sexuality but allowing her femininity to bebrought out. A veiled Muslim woman is simply sending the message thatsociety difference is tolerated and a persons religious beliefs should notdisadvantage her in any way. .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c , .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .postImageUrl , .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c , .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c:hover , .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c:visited , .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c:active { border:0!important; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c:active , .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaffa11f59d070994b581a0e12bfa562c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Differences Between 18th Century Literature and Romantic Poetry Seen T EssayIf we allow this proposal to pass through, well be introducing a way ofliving that can be associated with that of the radical Taliban. Placingrestrictions and rules on what one can or cannot wear, as the Frenchgovernment did, is a deprivation of a persons right of freedom ofexpression. What kind of a society will we be living in where we cannotfreely express our views and faiths publicly?

Keurig Case Analysis free essay sample

Keurig has been successful in selling its coffee brewing system to the office coffee segment (OCS) of the US market. This success led its leaders to ponder entering the consumer market. While making the move might seem like a reasonable next step in the development of the company core business, it also presents unique challenges. The biggest of those challenges concerns the danger of losing the existing OCS business due to a possible disruption of the unique distribution channels that the company relies on for OCS. The management also has to decide on the appropriate pricing scheme for its new brewer, which is further complicated by the proprietary nature of the coffee cup (aka K-Cup) that comes with it. Calculating the brewer price In calculating the price for the brewer we must consider the full picture. In particular, the proprietary nature of the company business inevitably ties the profits on the brewer and the profits on the coffee that comes with the brewer. We will write a custom essay sample on Keurig Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More specifically, the total profit per customer: Profit=Profitbrewer+Profitcoffee It should be notes here that the aforementioned profit model is by no means unique to Keurig, and can be observed in other industries, like computers (where the profits are oftentimes split across hardware and software) or printers (where the profits are split across hardware and cartridges). Writing out the above formula further, we get: (1) Profit=Marginbrewer? Qbrewer+Profitcoffee (2) Profit=(Pricebrewer-Costbrewer)? Qbrewer+Margincoffee? Qbrewer (3) Profit=(Pricebrewer-(Costbrewer-Margincoffee))? Qbrewer The last equality (3), although follows immediately from the previous one (2), illustrates an important conceptual point, namely: profit margins gained on coffee sales can offset the costs of a brewer. Also, given the nature of their coffee business (royalties), the margins on coffee sales are virtually equivalent to profits (no â€Å"costs† are incurred in order to receive royalties). Calculating profit on coffee From the case we know that a typical customer consumes 2. 25 cups of coffee per day. This number multiplied by 365 gives us 365 ? 2. 25 ? 821 cups per year. Keurig receives $0. 04 in royalties per cup; therefore the total profit will amount to $32 per customer per year. Assuming the four year time horizon (N = 4) and the cost of capital, r=10%, the NPV value for the stream of income on coffee sales is NPV=i=1N321+ri = $101 per customer. Calculating brewer price elasticity To calculate the elasticity we use the market research data presented in Exhibit 6. A log-log regression of the 6-point data gives us an estimate of the price to share elasticity equal to ? -3. 2 (see Appendix A), which we shall round to -3 per this assignment’s instructions. The mark-up coefficient in the â€Å"optimal price† formula will therefore be equal to ? 1+? = 1. 5. the recommended brewer price Using the original cost estimate for the brewer ($200) and the mark-up factor of 1. 5 would give us the optimal price of $300. However, as was explained earlier, per equation (3) we can interpret Keurig’s profit on its coffee sales as a brewer cost reduction factor. Thus, the original cost of a brewer is reduced to $200-$101=$99; applying the mark-up coefficient of 1. 5 will give the recommended price of $99? 1. 5? $148 per brewer. Calculating the K-Cup price

Performance Art free essay sample

Performance art is an essentially contested concept: any single definition of it implies the recognition of rival uses. As concepts like democracy or art, it implies productive disagreement with itself. [1] The meaning of the term in the narrower sense is related to postmodernist traditions in Western culture. From about the mid-1960s into the 1970s, often derived from concepts of visual art, with respect to Antonin Artaud, Dada, the Situationists, Fluxus, Installation art, and Conceptual Art, performance art tended to be defined as an antithesis to theatre, challenging orthodox art forms and cultural norms. The ideal had been an ephemeral and authentic experience for performer and audience in an event that could not be repeated, captured or purchased. [2] The in this time widely discussed difference, how concepts of visual arts and concepts of performing arts are utilized, can determine the meanings of a performance art presentation (compare Performance: A Critical Introduction by Marvin Carlson, P. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 103,2-105,1). Performance art is a term usually reserved to refer to a conceptual art which conveys a content-based meaning in a more drama-related sense, rather than being simple performance for its own sake for entertainment purposes. It largely refers to a performance presented to an audience, but which does not seek to present a conventional theatrical play or a formal linear narrative, or which alternately does not seek to depict a set of fictitious characters in formal scripted interactions. It therefore can include action or spoken word as a communication between the artist and audience, or even ignore expectations of an audience, rather than following a script written beforehand. Some kinds of performance art nevertheless can be close to performing arts. Such performance may utilize a script or create a fictitious dramatic setting, but still constitute performance art in that it does not seek to follow the usual dramatic norm of creating a fictitious setting with a linear script which follows conventional real-world dynamics; rather, it would intentionally seek to satirize or to transcend the usual real-world dynamics which are used in conventional theatrical plays. Performance artists often challenge the audience to think in new and unconventional ways, break conventions of traditional arts, and break down conventional ideas about what art is. As long as the performer does not become a player who repeats a role, performance art can include satirical elements (compare Blue Man Group); utilize robots and machines as performers, as in pieces of the Survival Research Laboratories; involve ritualised elements (e. . Shaun Caton); or borrow elements of any performing arts such as dance, music, and circus. Some artists, e. g. the Viennese Actionists and neo-Dadaists, prefer to use the terms live art, action art, actions, intervention (see art intervention) or manoeuvre to describe their performing activities. As genres of performance art appear body art, fluxus-performance, happening, action poetry, and intermedia.

Biography of Pol Pot, Cambodian Dictator

Biography of Pol Pot, Cambodian Dictator Pol Pot (born Saloth Sar; May 19, 1925–April 15, 1998) was a Cambodian dictator. As the head of the Khmer Rouge, he oversaw an unprecedented and extremely brutal attempt to remove Cambodia from the modern world and establish an agrarian utopia. While attempting to create this utopia, Pol Pot initiated the Cambodian genocide, which lasted from 1975 to 1979 and caused the deaths of at least 1.5 million Cambodians. Fast Facts: Pol Pot Known For: As the leader of the revolutionary Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot oversaw the Cambodian genocide.Also Known As: Saloth SarBorn: May 19, 1925 in Prek Sbauv, CambodiaParents: Loth Sar and Sok NemDied: April 15, 1998 in Anlong Veng, CambodiaSpouse(s): Khieu Ponnary (m. 1956–1979), Mea Son (m. 1986–1998)Children: Sar Patchata Early Life Pol Pot was born Saloth Sar on May 19, 1928, in the fishing village of Prek Sbauk, Kampong Thom province, in what was then French Indochina (now Cambodia). His family, of Chinese-Khmer descent, was moderately well-to-do. They had connections to the royal family: a sister was a concubine of the king, Sisovath Monivong, and a brother was a court official. In 1934, Pol Pot went to live with the brother in Phnom Penh, where he spent a year in a royal Buddhist monastery and then attended a Catholic school. At age 14, he began high school in Kompong Cham. Pol Pot was, however, not a very successful student, and he eventually switched to a technical school to study carpentry. In 1949, Pol Pot obtained a scholarship to study radio electronics in Paris. He enjoyed himself in Paris, gaining a reputation as something of a bon vivant, fond of dancing and drinking red wine. However, by his second year in Paris, Pol Pot had become friends with other students who were impassioned by politics. From these friends, Pol Pot encountered Marxism, joining the Cercle Marxiste (Marxist Circle of Khmer Students in Paris) and the French Communist Party. (Many of the other students whom he befriended during this period later became central figures in the Khmer Rouge.) After Pol Pot failed his examinations for the third year in a row, however, he had to return in January 1953 to what would shortly become Cambodia. Joining the Viet Minh As the first of the Cercle Marxiste to return to Cambodia, Pol Pot helped assess the different groups rebelling against the Cambodian government and recommended that returning members of the Cercle join the Khmer Viet Minh (or Moutakeaha). Although Pol Pot and other members of the Cercle disliked that the Khmer Viet Minh had heavy ties with Vietnam, the group felt this Communist revolutionary organization was the one most likely to take action. In August 1953, Pol Pot left his home secretly and, without even telling his friends, headed to the Viet Minh’s Eastern Zone Headquarters, located near the village of Krabao. The camp was located in the forest and consisted of canvas tents that could be easily moved in case of an attack. Pol Pot (and eventually more of his Cercle friends) were dismayed to find the camp completely segregated, with Vietnamese as the high-ranking members and Cambodians (Khmers) given only menial tasks. Pol Pot himself was assigned tasks such as farming and working in the mess hall. Still, he watched and learned how the Viet Minh used propaganda and force to take control of peasant villages in the region. The Khmer Viet Minh was forced to disband after the 1954 Geneva Accords; Pol Pot and several of his friends headed back to Phnom Penh. 1955 Election The 1954 Geneva Accords had temporarily quashed much of the revolutionary fervor within Cambodia and proclaimed a mandatory election in 1955. Pol Pot, who was now back in Phnom Penh, was determined to do what he could to influence the election. He infiltrated the Democratic Party with the hope of being able to reshape its policies. When it turned out that Prince Norodom Sihanouk had rigged the election, Pol Pot and others became convinced that the only way to change Cambodia was through revolution. Khmer Rouge In the years following the 1955 elections, Pol Pot led a dual life. By day, Pol Pot worked as a teacher and surprisingly was well-liked by his students. By night, Pol Pot was heavily involved in a Communist revolutionary organization, the Kampuchean Peoples Revolutionary Party (KPRP). (â€Å"Kampuchean† is another term for â€Å"Cambodian.†) During this time, Pol Pot also married Khieu Ponnary, the sister of one of his Paris student friends. The couple never had children together. By 1959, Prince Sihanouk had begun to seriously repress leftist political movements, especially by targeting the older generation of experienced dissidents. With many of the older leaders in exile or on the run, Pol Pot and other young members of the KPRP emerged as leaders in party affairs. After a power struggle within the KPRP in the early 1960s, Pol Pot took control of the party. This party, which was officially renamed the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) in 1966, became more commonly known as the Khmer Rouge (meaning â€Å"Red Khmer† in French). The term â€Å"Khmer Rouge† was used by Prince Sihanouk to describe the CPK, since many in the CPK were both Communists (often called â€Å"reds†) and of Khmer descent. The Battle to Topple Prince Sihanouk In March 1962 when his name appeared on a list of people wanted for questioning, Pol Pot went into hiding. He took to the jungle and began preparing a guerrilla-based revolutionary movement that intended to topple Prince Sihanouk’s government. In 1964 with help from North Vietnam, the Khmer Rouge established a base camp in the border region and issued a declaration calling for armed struggle against the Cambodian monarchy, which they viewed as corrupt and repressive. The ideology of the Khmer Rouge gradually developed in this period. It featured a Maoist orientation with an emphasis on the peasant farmer as the foundation for a revolution. This contrasted with the orthodox Marxist idea that the proletariat (working class) was the basis for revolution. Courting Vietnam and China In 1965, Pol Pot was hoping to get support from either Vietnam or China for his revolution. Since the Communist North Vietnamese regime was the most likely source of support for the Khmer Rouge at the time, Pol Pot went to Hanoi to ask for aid. In response to his request, the North Vietnamese criticized Pol Pot for having a nationalist agenda. Since, at this time, Prince Sihanouk was letting the North Vietnamese use Cambodian territory in their struggle against South Vietnam and the United States, the Vietnamese believed the time was not right for an armed struggle in Cambodia. It did not matter to the Vietnamese that the time might have felt right for the Cambodian people. Pol Pot next visited the Communist People’s Republic of China (PRC) and fell under the influence of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which emphasized revolutionary enthusiasm and sacrifice. It accomplished this in part by encouraging people to destroy any vestiges of traditional Chinese civilization. China would not openly support the Khmer Rouge, but it gave Pol Pot some ideas for his own revolution. In 1967, Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge, though isolated and lacking widespread support, made the decision to start a revolt against the Cambodian government. The initial action began on January 18, 1968. By that summer, Pol Pot had moved away from collective leadership to become the sole decision maker. He even set up a separate compound and lived apart from the other leaders. Cambodia and the Vietnam War The Khmer Rouge’s revolution progressed very slowly until two major events occurred in 1970. The first was a successful coup led by General Lon Nol, which deposed the increasingly unpopular Prince Sihanouk and aligned Cambodia with the United States. The second involved a massive bombardment campaign and invasion of Cambodia by the United States. During the Vietnam War, Cambodia had officially remained neutral; however, the Viet Cong (Vietnamese communist guerrilla fighters) used that position to their advantage by creating bases within Cambodian territory in order to regroup and store supplies. American strategists believed that a massive bombing campaign within Cambodia would deprive the Viet Cong of this sanctuary and thus bring the Vietnam War to a quicker end. The result for Cambodia was political destabilization. These political changes set the stage for the rise of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. With an incursion by Americans within Cambodia, Pol Pot was able to claim that the Khmer Rouge was fighting for Cambodian independence and against imperialism. Although he might have been refused aid from North Vietnam and China before, Cambodian involvement in the Vietnam War led to their support of the Khmer Rouge. With this new backing, Pol Pot was able to concentrate on recruiting and training while the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong did most of the initial fighting. Disturbing trends emerged early. Students and so-called â€Å"middle† or better-off peasants were no longer allowed to join the Khmer Rouge. Former government workers and officials, teachers, and people with an education were also purged from the party. Chams- an important ethnic group in Cambodia- and other minorities were forced to adopt Cambodian styles of dress and appearance. Decrees were issued establishing cooperative agricultural enterprises. The practice of emptying urban areas began. By 1973, the Khmer Rouge controlled two-thirds of the country and half the population. Genocide in Democratic Kampuchea After five years of civil war, the Khmer Rouge was finally able to capture Cambodia’s capital of Phnom Penh on April 17, 1975. This ended Lon Nol’s rule and began the five-year reign of the Khmer Rouge. It was at this time that Saloth Sar began calling himself â€Å"brother number one† and took Pol Pot as his nom de guerre. (According to one source, â€Å"Pol Pot† comes from the French words â€Å"politique potentielle.†) After taking control of Cambodia, Pol Pot declared the Year Zero. This meant much more than restarting the calendar; it was a means of emphasizing that all that was familiar in the lives of Cambodians were to be destroyed. This was a far more comprehensive cultural revolution than the one Pol Pot had observed in Communist China. Religion was abolished, ethnic groups were  forbidden to speak their language or follow their customs, and political dissent was ruthlessly suppressed. As dictator of Cambodia, which the Khmer Rouge renamed Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot began a ruthless, bloody campaign against a variety of groups: members of the former government, Buddhist monks, Muslims, Western-educated intellectuals, university students and teachers, people in contact with Westerners or Vietnamese, people who were crippled or lame, and ethnic Chinese, Laotians, and Vietnamese. These massive changes within Cambodia and the specific targeting of large sections of the population led to the Cambodian genocide. By its end in 1979, at least 1.5 million people had been murdered in the â€Å"Killing Fields.† Many were beaten to death with iron bars or hoes after digging their own graves. Some were buried alive. One directive read: â€Å"Bullets not to be wasted.† Most died from starvation and disease, but probably 200,000 were executed, often after interrogation and brutal torture. The most infamous interrogation center was Tuol Sleng, S-21 (Security Prison 21), a former high school. It was there that prisoners were photographed, interrogated, and tortured. It was known as â€Å"the place where people go in but never come out.† Vietnam Defeats the Khmer Rouge As the years passed, Pol Pot became increasingly paranoid about the possibility of an invasion by Vietnam. To preempt an attack, Pol Pot’s regime began carrying out raids and massacres in Vietnamese territory. Rather than dissuade the Vietnamese from attacking, these raids ultimately provided Vietnam with an excuse to invade Cambodia in 1978. By the following year, the Vietnamese had routed the Khmer Rouge, ending both the Khmer Rouge’s rule in Cambodia and the genocidal policies of Pol Pot. Ousted from power, Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreated to a remote area of Cambodia along the border with Thailand. For several years, the North Vietnamese tolerated the existence of the Khmer Rouge in this border area. However, in 1984, the North Vietnamese made a concerted effort to deal with them. After that, the Khmer Rouge survived only with the support of Communist China and the toleration of the Thai government. In 1985, Pol Pot resigned as head of the Khmer Rouge and handed over day-to-day administrative tasks to his longtime associate, Son Sen. Pol Pot nonetheless continued as the de facto leader of the party. Aftermath In 1995, Pol Pot, still living in isolation on the Thai border, suffered a stroke that left the left side of his body paralyzed. Two years later, he had Son Sen and members of Sen’s family executed because he believed that Sen had attempted to negotiate with the Cambodian government. The deaths of Son Sen and his family shocked many of the remaining Khmer leadership. Feeling that Pol Pot’s paranoia was out of control and worried about their own lives, Khmer Rouge leaders arrested Pol Pot and put him on trial for the murder of Sen and other Khmer Rouge members. Pol Pot was sentenced to house arrest for the remainder of his life. He was not punished more severely because he had been so prominent in Khmer Rouge affairs. Some of the remaining members of the party, however, questioned this lenient treatment. Death On April 15, 1998, Pol Pot heard a broadcast on Voice of America (of which he was a faithful listener) announce that the Khmer Rouge had agreed to turn him over to an international tribunal. He died that same night. Rumors persist that he either committed suicide or was murdered. His body was cremated without an autopsy to establish the cause of death. Legacy Pol Pot is remembered for his long, oppressive reign and for his attempt to exterminate all religious and ethnic minorities in Cambodia. The Cambodian genocide- responsible for the deaths of at least 1.5 million people- resulted in several Khmer Rouge leaders being convicted of crimes against humanity. Sources Bergin, Sean.  The Khmer Rouge and the Cambodian Genocide. Rosen Pub. Group, 2009.Short, Philip.  Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare. Henry Holt, 2005.

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