SNC2D - Grade 10 Science Essays - Biology, Anatomy, Cell Biology

SNC2D - Grade 10 Science Unit Test Review Key Cells, Tissues and Living Systems Plant and Animal Cells, Cell Theory, Cell Structure (p. 29, 30-32) The cell theory states that: Every living organism is made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest unit that can perform life functions. All cells arise from pre-existing cells. 2. How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? Give one example of each. Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and do not have membrane-bound organelles. Example of a prokaryote: bacteriaExample of a eukaryote: plant or animal cell 46990096520 7. endoplasmic reticulum 2.Golgi body cytoplasm 3.mitochondria00 7. endoplasmic reticulum 2.Golgi body cytoplasm 3.mitochondriaLabel the parts of the animal cell. 41275016891000 3886200127635 4. vacuole/lysosome00 4. vacuole/lysosome -15240095250 8.(dots) ribosome00 8.(dots) ribosome 3962400-1905 5. nucleus00 5. nucleus 388620043815 6.nuclear membrane00 6.nuclear membrane Referring to question 3, list the numbered parts of the animal cell and fill in their respective functions in the table below: Cell Structure Function 1. Cytoplasm consists of organelles, molecules, ions and water 2. Golgi body involved with packaging and secretion of proteins 3. Mitochondrion Site where energy for the cell is produced It is also referred to as the "power house" of the cell 3. Lysosomes /vacuoles contain digestive chemicals called enzymes may contain cell debris or chemicals 5. Nucleus the control centre of the cell; contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell Nuclear membrane Regulates movement of substances into and out of the nucleus 7. E ndoplasmic reticulum Network for the transport of substances throughout the cell 8. Ribosomes involved with making proteins -36893553975 1. chloroplast 3. vacuole 00 1. chloroplast 3. vacuole Label the numbered parts of the plant cell. -69215178435 2. cell wall00 2. cell wall By referring to question 5, list the numbered parts of the plant cell and fill in their respective functions in the table below: Cell Structure Function chloroplast Where photosynthesis happens cell wall Provides rigidity to the plant vacuole keeps the cells plump which keeps the plant's stems and leaves firm. 8. Name three differences between plant and animal cells. Plant cells have (1) a cell wall, (2) chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and (3) 1 large vacuole(animal cells have multiple, smaller, vacuoles) Cell Division, Cell Cycle (pp. 36-37, 40-43) 396240043180001. Refer to the diagrams below for question 3. 2286006477000 2514600132715 C00 C 22098004000500 426720015240 D00 D 30480083185 A00 A 45720003683000 -15240010477500 24384005842000 3886200101600 E00 E 99060055245 B00 B 5105400123190 F00 F Which of the following diagrams (A-F) shows: 1447800112395 F00 F09906000 137160010160 A00 A 137160078105 D00 D 1371600155575 C00 C 13716006985 B00 B 140017584455 E00 E 2. Why don't cells grow indefinitely? Cells are limited in size because the outside (the cell membrane) must transport the food and oxygen to the parts inside. As a cell gets bigger, the outside is unable to keep up with the inside, and the cell membrane cannot supply the inside with what it needs to survive. Diffusion of nutrients throughout the cell also takes longer. What are 3 purposes of cell division? Growth (2) Reproduction (3) Repair What purpose does mitosis serve in the cell cycle? Equal distribution of genetic material between the two daughter cells Equal distribution of the cytoplasm and organelles between the two daughter cells (cytokinesis) Compare contrast diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion - movement of the solute from an area of high solute concentration to low concentration Osmosis - movement of water towards an area of high solute concentration Compare - both water and the solute move from areas of high concentration (water or solute) to low concentration Cancer (pp. 48-55) Define metastasis. When some of the cancerous cells break off from the primary tumour , spread through the blood and lymph and establish a secondary tumour in a new location. Describe the steps for a secondary tumour formation. Step 1: The primary tumour develops as a group of cells that are undergoing uncontrolled cell division Step 2: As the tumour gets bigger, it stimulates blood vessels to form and supply it with nutrients. Step 3: Tumour cells enter blood vessels and lymph vessels. This is dangerous because the tumour cells can move to other parts of body (metastasis). Step 4: Primary cells which arrive at new area of the body form secondary tumour s , which may eventually be fatal to the organism. How does a doctor diagnose cancer once he or she has located a tumour ? Biopsy (tissue sample) What are some reasons why cancer might recur after it has been successfully removed from a person? After surgery, a vast amount of the primary tumour is removed . H owever,