Racism Diversity and Social Justice - Free Essay Example

In the readings for diversity and social justice, racism is a particular form of prejudice. Hence, prejudice is a combination of stereotypes, omissions, distortions, and it is a preconceived judgment or opinion, usually based on limited information about others. Also, racism is not only a personal ideology based on racial prejudice, but a system involving cultural messages, institutional policies, practices as well as the beliefs, and actions of individuals. Additionally, in the reading it mentions that racism combines with religious oppression to suppress the cultural expression of indigenous groups religious beliefs and practices. In addition, racism impacts the quality of all our lives because it resides within all significant structures of society. In like manner, Oxford dictionary defines racism as a prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that ones own race is superior. Furthermore, racism is the application of racial prejudice by the use of power, directed against those who are deemed inferior by individuals, institutional members, and leaders with the intentional, and unintentional support and participation of the entire dominant racial-cultural group and racial discrimination is the behavioral manifestation of racism (Jones $Carter 1996). In the same way, there are three main levels of racism these are: individual racism, institutional racism, and cultural racism. Utsey (1999) states that racism-related stress has been conceptualized as the degree of exposure (e.g., chronic) to cultural, institutional, and individual racism that might result in psychological upset. Therefore, individual racism is hatred of one person by another person. Institutional racism is the racism within a given dominant society, organization, or community as a whole. While cultural racism is the racism that takes place between different ethnicity, beliefs, religions, identity, race and so on. In the film Jodhaa Akbar, Jodhaa experienced an individual racism towards her from Akbars nanny, Maham Anga, who he considers like his own mother because she was the one that nursed him when the biological mother was away. Maham Anga does not like Jodhaa right from the first time she set eyes on her. She conspires to spoil her image in front of Akbar which she succeeded in doing by instigating in Akbar that Jodhaa went to meet her lover and Akbar believed such a thing without taking time to hear her own side of the story. Moreover, this concept of racism impacts Jodhaa socially that she felt unwanted, heartbroken, ashamed, betrayed, and disappointed. Likewise, this concept of racism impacts Jodhaa emotionally because she felt hurt, emotional pain, angry, stressed, and upset. Additionally, this concept of racism impacts Jodhaa psychologically because he felt depressed, sad, and confused. As a matter of fact, Carter (2007) states that both integrative reviews and recent meta-analysis have reported that exposure to racism and racial discrimination is associated with psychological and emotional distress. In addition, as a clinician I, will be using the strategy proposed in Jun (2010) to help address Jodhaa issues. The first strategy for dismantling racism and racial prejudice at the personal, interpersonal, institutional, and cultural levels is eliminating inappropriate dichotomous and hierarchical thinking styles in evaluating racial issues. The second strategy is to be proactive and not reactive towards that individual. Implications for Psychologists First racism: As a psychologist, it is important to know how to constitutes effective support for dealing with the issue of racism, it may be important to provide psychoeducation to potential victims of racism, as well as education for psychologists in practice to help empower clients to seek and find the support they need to cope with racism, especially some of its more traumatic effects. In addition, as a psychologist, it is important to understand that when it comes to supporting an individual who has just experienced an act of racism dont minimize the person, dont dismiss the person even if it seems questionable whether the incident was racist, focus on the impact and meaning for the individual confiding in you, dont intellectualize truly, there will be times when we hear a terrible story, were sent into a state of shock ourselves we may want to explain that what happened really wasnt as heinous as it might have been. Thus, it is important to refrain from intellectualizing or rationalizing what happened. Finally, dont give advice it is important to understand as a psychologist, if someone is having an intense reaction to the incident, its probably not the time to give advice or strategies. However, provide support for that person through actively listen, empathize, and connect the individual with a support group. Secondly Islamophobia: As a psychologist, it is important to understand what Islam is. Islam is a religion like every other religion. They worship Allah and they read the Quran, which is a holy book. There are five basic pillars of Islam these are: the belief (Iman), prayer (Salat), self-purification (Zakat), fasting (Sawm), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). Additionally, their women wear a hijab that is like a long black robe covering from head to toe. At first, in my case I used to be scared of them because I dont understand why someone will be working out on the street dressed that way until I took this class I understand what it meant to that wear the hijab; it acts as a protection for the women, preserving their dignity, and honor. Therefore, as a psychologist sometimes, it might look hard to relate to a Muslim, but the truth of the matter is that if we have an open mind without any form of bias or discrimination it will be easy to establish and build a rapport with such a person. McWhirter (1997) outlined a model for empowerment in therapy that may be useful with Muslim American clients. She suggested that facilitating empowerment model requires the therapist to integrate the five elements in his or her work with clients: collaboration, context, critical consciousness, competence, and community. Thirdly Ethnocentrism: As a psychologist, it is important to understand that there is an inappropriate thinking style/ pattern behind anyone with ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is seeing oneself as the ultimate and others less valuable. Therefore, as a psychologist we have to embark on the use of transformative learning to help transcend this inappropriate thinking style to a more holistic one. Implication for Parents First Islamophobia: As a parent, it is very important for us to be open-minded and not clustered in our thoughts what we think Islam is without actually knowing what it really is, especially, when relating or discussing with our children regarding other religions that are out there. As parents instigating fear in them or giving them a wrong advice regarding other religion such as Islam will only end up creating more discrimination, hatred, and anger against such group. Secondly Racism: As a parent, it is important to be aware that there is racism everywhere. Be it in the school, at work, in the community, environment, family, among friends, in the government, and so on. However, it is very important for us as parents to nurture, train, teach, and bring up our children in a godly manner not teaching them to be a racist nor impacting fear of racism in them as this will only do more harm than good. Thus, such kids might end up developing low self-esteem, will not be able to express themselves, lacks confidence, lacks boldness because now inferiority complex have stepped in. Instead, as parents may we be the example our children see. How do we treat people as parents matter a lot because our kids learn most of the time from what they see and not what they have been told? However, as parents may we be able to teach our children the way to live a balanced life and portray respect for one another. Thirdly Ethnocentrism: Ethnocentrism is the belief in the inherent superiority of ones own ethnic group whereby judging other groups as inferior to ones own. Moreover, as parents we have to realize that no one is the same; like the saying all hands are not equal. Everyone is entitled to believe what they want to believe in. Just because someone is not from our tribe, race, ethnic or cultural group does not make them look or feel worthless. Additionally, as parents it is very important for us to guide ourselves, thought, and imagination and it is important to understand that ethnocentrism is not bad only if holistic thinking is the dominant thinking of that individual. Thus, as parent lets us learn to be open, dont have to look down on anyone, but learn to embrace and relate with people. Conclusion The film Jodhaa Akbar is a very interesting film. There were many characters to choose from and explore, but I choose to explore the character of Jodhaa because she is a lady that have gone through things right from her childhood until adulthood, her life has been under the control of her parents she has no say of her own. Reflecting it now, though she is privileged to be the princess, but she was actually undergoing a systematic oppression within her own family. Hence, the three concepts I discussed were Islamophobia, racism, and ethnocentrism. Jodhaa was afraid to marry the Mughal because he is Muslim and the way they do things are totally different from the Hindus. That fear alone griped her because now she has to leave behind her own belief, practice, religion, norms, way of worship, and lifestyle it was depressing and sad for her. Another concept is that of racism. Jodhaa experienced a lot of discrimination, prejudice, acquisition, antagonism just because she was a Hindu. The lawmakers in the court did not want her, the nanny to Akbar never liked her from the very beginning so there were a lot of challenges. Due to this racism she felt unwanted, emotional pain, hurt, sad, and depressed. Finally, ethnocentrism in the film Jodhaa had an ethnocentric behavior regarding her way of worship and that was one of the condition she gave Akbar before she could consent to the marriage to keep her religion, have an altar built for her god, and keep to her way of worship. To sum up, Jodhaa went through all these struggles and challenge proactively when she needed to talk she speaks, when she thinks it makes no sense she stays calm and things eventually will fall and take its right place.

Lynn University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Lynn University is a private university with an acceptance rate of 70%. Located in Boca Raton, Florida midway between West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale, Lynn has a strong global focus with a high number of international students and a robust study abroad program. Lynn University has a student / faculty ratio of 18-to-1. Undergraduate students can choose from 48 majors in six colleges, with the majority of students enrolled in business administration, hospitality management, and psychology. The university also offers 29 graduate degree specializations. Students are actively involved in campus life at Lynn, participating in nearly 40 clubs and organizations. The Lynn University Fighting Knights compete in the NCAA Division II Sunshine State Conference. Considering applying to Lynn University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Lynn University had an acceptance rate of 70%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 70 students were admitted, making Lynns admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 7,577 Percent Admitted 70% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 12% SAT Scores and Requirements Lynn University has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to Lynn may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 24% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 500 590 Math 490 580 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those students who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of  Lynn Universitys admitted students fall within the  bottom 29% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Lynn University scored between 500 and 590, while 25% scored below 500 and 25% scored above 590. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 490 and 580, while 25% scored below 490 and 25% scored above 580. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1170 or higher is competitive for Lynn University. Requirements Note that Lynn University does not require SAT scores for admission for most students. Home-schooled applicants are required to submit standardized test sores. Lynn University does not require the optional SAT essay section. Lynn does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Lynn University has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to Lynn University may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 11% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 19 24 Math 17 23 Composite 20 23 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of Lynn Universitys admitted students fall within the  top 48% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Lynn University received a composite ACT score between 20 and 23, while 25% scored above 23 and 25% scored below 20. Requirements Note that Lynn University does not require ACT scores for admission for most applicants. Home-schooled students are required to submit standardized test sores. Lynn University does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Lynn does not require the optional ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Lynn Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.08. This data suggests that most successful applicants to Lynn University have primarily B grades. Admissions Chances Lynn University, which accepts nearly three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat competitive admissions pool. However, Lynn also has a  holistic admissions  process and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and scores are outside of Lynn Universitys average range. Note that applicants to the Conservatory of Music are strongly encouraged to participate in an audition. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. If You Like Lynn University, You May Also Like These Schools: University of MiamiFlorida Atlantic UniversityRollins CollegeStetson UniversityUniversity of North FloridaUniversity of TampaFlagler College - St Augustine All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Lynn University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Physics Of Thermal Energy - 1609 Words

Thermal Energy in Peanuts Kristin Guenev, Hannah Potter, Rebecca Fluegel At the ignition of a peanut, how much thermal energy is produced? The same energy that is emitted at the burning of a single peanut contains the same principles that heat our homes, cook our food, or why we feel cold in the winter and warm in the summer. Though much associated with temperature, thermal energy is not the same. If we were dealing with temperature in our experiment, we would have asked: What is the change in temperature of water when a peanut is burned? However, thermal energy is the potential movement of heat from one object of high temperature to lower temperature. When comparing a steaming cup of coffee, and an iceberg, the temperatures are exactly what they seem to be, but the thermal energy of the two objects are the direct opposite of what they are assumed. Sure, the coffee has more heat, but the iceberg has more energy. One of the reasons we chose a peanut, of all things, was the remarkable amount of thermal energy that it contains. Due to our experiment and the specific heat equation, Q = mcDT, where â€Å"Q† is the heat flow in calories, â€Å"m† is mass, â€Å"c† is the specific heat and â€Å"DT† is the temperature difference between the two objects, we discovered that an average peanut can produce 45.54 calories, or 190.5 joules, which will further be explained. This conclusion of a single peanut’s potential energy was what attracted our group to theShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Heat : The Natural Sciences Span Over A Wide Range Of Phenomena1126 Words   |  5 Pagesallowed to research these phenomena due to underlying connections between subtopics. In physics one can view many underlying connections between different subtopics. For example; in thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy such as mechanical, electrical or chemical energy. More importantly, heat itself and its relation to energy and work done on a system. Many people have misconceptions about heat. There are twoRead MorePurpose For A Career In Engineering1025 Words   |  5 Pagesis right about his perspective, then renewable energy particularly solar and wind powers are among the chief contenders to solve global energy predicament and concurrently advance our energy generation to the next level. To contribute towards acceleration of this transition to humanity is the primary guiding rationality behind my desire to pursue higher education in engineering. In high school, deeply intrigued by mechanisms and experiments in physics, I frequently took part in the State Science ExhibitionsRead MoreConduction, Convection, and Radiation1525 Words   |  7 PagesConduction, Convection, and Radiation By: Spencer Smith Physics 2010 – Online Dr. Stone 30 April 2014 Physics is a controlling factor in our vast universe. It literally controls how our reality operates and how our existence came to be in this universe, it actually it what made our universe. When you think about physics you probably think about friction and forces but it is a much broader idea. Physics is what controls how the atoms that make up everything work with each other to formRead MoreHow The Shape Of Ice Affect How Fast It Melts?1254 Words   |  6 Pageswater that has a temperature of any degree above thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. Before water technically becomes water, which is the name of the liquid state, it starts as a gas called water vapor. After water vapor condenses because of a loss of energy, it is then in liquid phase of H2O, called water, which can then be broken down in the smallest unit; atoms. Professor John Blamire of brooklyn.cuny.edu describes a single water molecule, the smallest part of a chemical element or compound thatRead MoreThe Between Heat And Energy893 Words   |  4 Pages The term thermodynamics is known as the branch of physics that covers the relationship between heat or temperature and all the forms of energy, including mechanical, electrical, or chemical. Thermodynamics is a combination of four laws, which are known as zeroth law of thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, and third law of thermodynamics. According to Wolfram, The relation between heat and energy was important for the development of steam engines, and in 1824Read MoreA Discussion On My Internal Assessment1555 Words   |  7 Pageselectricity. We can witness its innumerable uses in our lives on a day-to-day basis, so electricity, particularly its relationship with heat, was always a subject that I found incredibly fascinating. I remember first learnin g about the topic in my IB Physics course just the past year and regretting that we couldn t delve deeper into the topic or see the phenomenon in person through any lab work. This is precisely why I decided to take this particular topic as the premise of my internal assessment. ARead MorePhysics Of Earthquakes And Its Effects1597 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Physics of Earthquakes Introduction A failure in the interior of the Earth’s crust is the cause of most earthquakes. Once the stress inside the crust grows beyond the strength for that location of the crust, a failure occurs within the crust and seismic waves, which we know as earthquakes, are radiated outward. It was once thought that this description of seismic activity was the cause for all earthquakes, but now seismologists know the way earthquakes form and start is a very diverse process.Read MoreWhat Does Thermodynamics Affect The World?1458 Words   |  6 PagesLaws of Physics, takes a look at the big picture of physical motion and how it effects the world around us. â€Å"Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which deals with the energy and work of a system.† Without the knowledge of thermodynamics, everyday life would be much different. Thermodynamics were used to designed and manufactured the cup you drink your coffee out of in the morning, or the car you drive to work, and even the air conditi oning inside you car. Energy, specifically heat energy is whatRead MoreThe Thermos And Thermodynamics : Physics971 Words   |  4 PagesThe Thermos and Thermodynamics Physics around Campus Phoebe Seaver Physics 102 Spring 2017 In the photo, we see two coffee cups, one that is in an insulated thermos with a lid, and one that is a regular mug open to the air, on a college student’s desk at home during their finals studying. It is well known that as coffee sits in any container, it cools down towards room temperature, making it less tasty to drink once it gets lukewarm or even room temperature. However, if itRead MoreThe Stroke Combustion Cycle ( Ice ) Revolutionized The Way The Man Think And Moves1352 Words   |  6 Pagesengines it will be much harder for man to do what it look simple and ordinary in today’s world. More than importance of this topic on my career or profession, is the importance on the topic in our daily live, this paper explains how with the help of physics all grate scientists revolutionized our modern world of engines. Four Stroke Combustion Cycle Engine Thermodynamics Admission The piston is at top dead center and starts down. At that instant the intake valve opens, remaining closed exhaust

The History and Archaeology of Chauvet Cave

Chauvet Cave (also known as  Chauvet-Pont dArc) is currently the oldest known rock art site in the world, apparently dating to the Aurignacian period in France, about 30,000 to 32,000 years ago. The cave is located in the Pont-dArc Valley of Ardà ¨che, France, at the entrance of the Ardà ¨che gorges between the Cevennes and Rhone valleys. It extends horizontally for nearly 500 meters (~1,650 feet) into the earth and consists of two main rooms separated by a narrow hallway. Paintings at Chauvet Cave Over 420 paintings have been documented in the cave, including numerous realistic animals, human handprints, and abstract dot paintings. The paintings in the front hall are primarily red, created with the liberal applications of red ochre, while the ones in the back hall are mainly black designs, drawn with charcoal. The paintings at Chauvet are highly realistic, which is unusual for this period in Paleolithic rock art. In one famous panel (a little bit is shown above) an entire pride of lions is illustrated, and the feeling of movement and power of the animals is tangible even in photographs of the cave taken in poor light and at low resolution. Archaeological Investigation The preservation in the cave is remarkable. Archaeological material in Chauvet caves deposits includes thousands of animal bones, including the bones of at least 190 cave bears (Ursus spelaeus). The remains of hearths, an ivory spearhead, and a human footprint have all been identified within the caves deposits. Chauvet Cave was discovered in 1994 by Jean-Marie Chauvet; the relatively recent discovery of this remarkably intact cave painting site has allowed researchers to closely control the excavations using modern methods. In addition, the researchers have worked to protect the site and its contents. Since 1996, the site has been under investigation by an international team led by Jean Clottes, combining geology, hydrology, paleontology, and conservation studies; and, since that time, it has been closed to the public, to preserve its fragile beauty. Dating Chauvet The dating of Chauvet cave is based on 46 AMS radiocarbon dates taken on tiny pieces of paint from the walls, conventional radiocarbon dates on human and animal bone, and Uranium/Thorium dates on speleothems (stalagmites). The deep age of the paintings and their realism has led in some circles to a scholarly revision of the notion of paleolithic cave art styles: since radiocarbon dates are a more recent technology than the bulk of cave art studies, codified cave art styles are based on stylistic changes. Using this measure, Chauvets art is closer to Solutrean or Magdalenian in age, at least 10,000 years later than the dates suggest. Paul Pettitt has questioned the dates, arguing that the radiocarbon dates within the cave are earlier than the paintings themselves, which he believes are Gravettian in style and date to no earlier than about 27,000 years ago. Additional radiocarbon dating of the cave bear population continues to support the original date of the cave: the bone dates all fall between 37,000 and 29,000 years old. Further, samples from a nearby cave support the idea that cave bears may have been extinct in the region by 29,000 years ago. That would mean that the paintings, which include cave bears, must be at least 29,000 years old. One possible explanation for the stylistic sophistication of Chauvets paintings is that perhaps there was another entrance to the cave, that allowed later artists access to the cave walls. A study of the geomorphology of the cave vicinity published in 2012 (Sadier and colleagues 2012), argues that the cliff overhanging the cave collapsed repeatedly beginning 29,000 years ago, and sealed the only entrance at least 21,000 years ago. No other cave access point has ever been identified, and given the morphology of the cave, none is likely to be found. These findings do not resolve the Aurignacian/Gravettian debate, although even at 21,000 years of age, Chauvet cave remains the oldest known cave painting site. Werner Herzog and Chauvet Cave In late 2010, film director Werner Herzog presented a documentary film of Chauvet Cave, shot in three-dimensions, at the Toronto film festival. The film, Cave of the Forgotten Dreams, premiered in limited movie houses in the United States on April 29, 2011. Sources Abadà ­a OM, and Morales MRG. 2007.  Thinking about style in the post-stylistic era: reconstructing the stylistic context of Chauvet.  Oxford Journal of Archaeology  26(2):109-125.Bahn PG. 1995. New developments in Pleistocene art.  Evolutionary Anthropology  4(6):204-215.Bocherens H, Drucker DG, Billiou D,  Geneste  J-M, and van der Plicht J. 2006.  Bears and humans in Chauvet Cave (Vallon-Pont-dArc, Ardà ¨che, France): Insights from stable isotopes and radiocarbon dating of bone collagen.  Journal of Human Evolution  50(3):370-376.Bon C, Berthonaud V, Fosse P, Gà ©ly B, Maksud F, Vitalis R, Philippe M, van der Plicht J, and Elalouf J-M.  Low Regional Diversity Of Late Cave Bears Mitochondrial  Ã‚  Journal of Archaeological Science  In Press, Accepted Manuscript.Dna  At The Time Of Chauvet Aurignacian Paintings.Chauvet J-M, Deschamps EB, and Hillaire C. 1996. Chauvet Cave: The worlds oldest paintings, dating from around 31,000 BC.  Minerva  7(4):17 -22.Clottes J, and Lewis-Williams D. 1996. Upper Palaeolithic cave art: French and South African collaboration.  Cambridge Archaeological Journal  6(1):137-163.Feruglio V. 2006  De la faune au bestiaire - La grotte Chauvet-Pont-dArc, aux origines de lart parià ©tal palà ©olithique.  Comptes Rendus Palevol  5(1-2):213-222.Genty D, Ghaleb B, Plagnes V, Causse C, Valladas H, Blamart D, Massault M, Geneste J-M, and Clottes J. 2004.  Datations U/Th (TIMS) et 14C (AMS) des stalagmites de la grotte Chauvet (Ardà ¨che, France) : intà ©rà ªt pour la chronologie des à ©và ©nements naturels et anthropiques de la grotte.  Comptes Rendus Palevol  3(8):629-642.Marshall M. 2011.  Bear DNA hints at age of Chauvet cave art.  The New Scientist  210(2809):10-10.Sadier  B, Delannoy JJ, Benedetti L, Bourlà ©s DL, Stà ©phane J,  Geneste  J-M, Lebatard A-E, and Arnold M. 2012. Further constraints on the Chauvet cave artwork elaboration. Proceedings of the National Acad emy of Sciences Early edition.Pettitt P. 2008.  Art and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: Comments on the archaeological arguments for an early Upper Paleolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art.  Journal of Human Evolution  55(5):908-917.Sadier  B, Delannoy JJ, Benedetti L, Bourlà ©s DL, Stà ©phane J,  Geneste  J-M, Lebatard A-E, and Arnold M. 2012.  Further constraints on the Chauvet cave artwork elaboration.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  Early edition.

Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Ages - 3775 Words

RESEARCHING amp; REPORTING CO301/401 END OF TERM ASSESSMENT PROJECT: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGES AND LEADERSHIP STYLES ********O******** Prepared for: Mrs. Ewa Maciejewski Prepared by: Le Hang Nguyen 3HE2 Thi Luu Nguyen 3HE2 Date of submission: 11/01/2012 Abstract The research explores the relationship between Ages and Leadership styles, by using a questionnaire survey to collect data from 100 managers from different Hospitality organizations and at different organizational level in Montreux, Switzerland. The research question is identified as â€Å" what role does Age play in the perception of leadership style†. There have been some research publications focusing on influences of age on the leadership style (for example, Kabacofff and†¦show more content†¦Similarly, compared to younger workers, older workers cooperate and delegate more, and show a greater degree of empathy and concern for other workers. From an understanding of these theories, three main key themes are generated, which are about the analyzing of three different leadership styles with its rating from different group of ages: less than 30, from 30 to less than 40, from 40 to less than 50, from 50 to overs base on a questionnaire survey. These key themes will be expanded in corresponding chapters. The study of this research may bring in new insights about the influences of ages on the leadership styles. Particularly, the research may carry out the understanding of worker and manager’s behavior through the answer choices that affects both individual and organizational outcomes. Methodology Base on the understanding of three different leadership styles, a survey questionnaire is established with 3 different answers, which indicates the correspondent leadership styles. The questions and answers are generated in the way to determine the characteristics of different leadership styles, which are responded by a specific age group. The research is undertaken by interpretivism philosophical perspective. This research emphasizes the difference between conducting research among people.Show MoreRelatedLeadership Style And Emotional Intelligence1734 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Style and Emotional Intelligence Many organizations and groups are established each day, but only a few realize their dreams. Although many factors are responsible for the differences in success and failure of organizations, leadership is a prime factor. Leaders play a significant role in determining the success or failure of an organization. Management studies have attempted to understand leadership including defining the skills that a leader requires to become successful. EmotionalRead MoreJack Welchs Leadership Style1587 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive advantage, a good leader and his leadership style might be identified as the key factors that drive the company to its success. Even though the concept of leadership has changed throughout the years and it is still evolving, it can be defined as â€Å" a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal† (Kruse, 2013). However, how can a good leader be recognized? Which is the most successful leadershi p style? Are leaders â€Å"born† or â€Å"made†? AccordingRead MoreLeadership Styles And How They Influence Social Work1364 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Styles and How They Influence Social Work Curtis E. Mitchell Colombia College Hums 345: Working with Communities Organizations Abstract Acquiring positions of authority comes with the added responsibility of making sure you are correctly and competently communicating the ideals set forth by your agency. Social workers and helpers who are in leadership positions have to understand the many facets involved in leading and guiding people. Leadership styles are often affected by culturalRead MoreThe Generational Shift in Communication Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesI believe that one’s age and generation do not affect their leadership style nearly as much as there life experience, motivation, and knowledge. A leader can be successful at any age, if they are willing and eager to constantly adapt their communication styles to accommodate their followers’ needs. However, within each generation there are different values and management styles and if an individual resists adapting to newer methods and neglects to embrace change they will not be a successful leaderRead MoreRelationship Between Emotional Intelli gence And Transformational Leadership Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPherwani (2003), the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and transformational leadership style was examined in order to determine whether EI scores could be used to predict transformational leadership style. In addition, gender differences in the relationship between EI and transformational leadership were examined to determine if there is a significant interaction of gender and emotional intelligence. This research is important, because transformational leadership has been found to beRead MoreTransformational Leadership Is Developed By Political Sociologist James Mac Gregor Burns Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesTransformational Leadership Theory was developed by political sociologist James Mac Gregor Burns. In this theory, he differentiated two styles of leadership: transformational leadership and transactional leadership. In transformational leadership, it is a process where both the leaders and the followers elevate motivation and morality. The transformational leaders pay attention to the needs and motives of followers and help them achieve their fullest potential. They influence their followers’ behaviorsRead MoreLeadership Theory : Transformational And Transactional Leadership Theories1137 Words   |  5 Pagessituational leadership. In some instances, situational leadership is part of a broader theory and vice versa. Related theories include transformational and transactional leadership, contingency theory, path-goal theory, and personality theories. Life Cycle Theory was not included since situational leadership originated from Life Cycle Theory. Transformational and Transactional Leadership Theories According to McCleskey (2014), transformational leadership theory is the most studied leadership theoryRead MoreLeadership Styles From The Point Of View1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe articles under analysis explore leadership styles from the point of view of their relation to gender (Merchant, 2012) and personality (Yahaya et al., 2011). Merchant (2012) provides a valuable research, which is focused on gender as the major determinant of leadership styles in individuals. Providing an analysis of literature, Merchant (2012) indicates that â€Å"many studies analyzing the intersection of gender and influence tactics have resulted in mixed finding† (p. 24). It proves the argumentRead MoreEssay about The Development of Emotional Intelligence 702 Words   |  3 Pagesin a report by the Institute of Management (2002) research showed that the quality of leadership in the workplace was poor. Further, the research reinforces a positive relationship between financial turnover and the p riority given to leadership development (Institute of Management, 2002). Fifty-five percent of those questioned gave the characteristic of being inspiring as the most important attribute of leadership, but only eleven percent say they are witnessing it at work. Inspiration could be definedRead MoreThe Evolution Of Leadership And Organizational Impact1161 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership History: The Evolution of Leadership and Organizational Impact Keywords: Leader, leadership, organizational impact, organizational performance Introduction The common denominator, according to Stone and Patterson (2005), shared by biblical patriots, Greek heroes Egyptian rulers is leadership; regardless of its influence, their lessons and philosophies continue to contribute to leadership today. This paper will present the definition of leadership that provides a framework for exploring

The Effects Of Television Violence On Children - 1735 Words

he average American child watches approximately 23 hours of television weekly. Children spend more time watching TV than doing any other leisure activity. By the time they finish high school, most have spent more time in front of the TV than in the classroom (Strasburger, 1995). On average, a child will see 18,000 murders, robberies, bombings, assaults, and beatings in their years of watching television (Liebowitz, 1997). Not to mention all the food commercials. In today s society, the television is used for more than just entertainment. It provides a remedy for boredom, replaces after school activities, and substitutes as a babysitter or even as a parent. Violence and obesity are two major effects of television on children. In fact, violence on television is harmful to all viewers, especially children. Countless studies have been done in the past 30 years that maintain that television violence has strong effects on young people. Researchers purport that many consequences result from spending a large amount of time viewing television. Those who have found a correlation between television violence and real life aggression repeatedly offer the same two results that come from these viewings: increased aggression, and desensitization. In fact, Dr. Madeline Levine, a clinical psychologist, is convinced of that very thing. Children who are heavy viewers of television are more aggressive, more pessimistic, weigh more, are less imaginative, less empathic, and less capable studentsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Television Violence on Children1315 Words   |  6 Pages Shortly after a Boston television station showed a movie depicting teenagers dousing a derelict with gasoline and setting him afire, six youths attacked a woman and set her on fire in an identical manner. Several months later, NBC televised Born Innocent, a made-for-television- movie, which showed the sexual violation of a young girl with a broom handle. Three days after this program aired, a group of girls committed a similar attack on another 9-year-old girl (â€Å"Wild† A20). These are justRead MoreTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children867 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children The children of today are surrounded by technology and entertainment that is full of violence. It is estimated that the average child watches from three to five hours of television a day! (Neilson 1993). Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a childs behaviorRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Today violence is the gold of television. Violence has become a high demand by the viewers. The more violence equals more views which equals more demand. According to Hamilton (2002), â€Å"Children are not the target of advertisers on most violent programs. But their exposure to violent images can lead to social damages not factored into decisions about when to air programs and where to draw the line on content† (p. 18). The controversial debate that television violence influence children is nothingRead MoreEffects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Television Violence Program on Children Now more and more violence television shows appear on the screen. A lot of television shows will remind that is available for certain range of audience. Of course, elementary school student, mostly watch cartoon. However, the television production people will add violence into the show. This study aimed to demonstrate the gender-specific impact of violence-oriented television cartoons for children, and to identify the behaviors demonstrating thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1552 Words   |  7 Pagesleisure 2.8 hours of television a day. There is the constant outcry from parents and teachers that children are growing to be television-obsessed zombies, or that the exposure to violence from their favorite shows are going to cause aggressive actions. But if that is true, then how is it that we as adults are able to stop ourselves from murdering everyone we see, especially if we have so many television programs with violence as a feature? The effect that television violence has on us does not comeRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThis guest teaches your children to resolve conflicts through violence. The guest baby sits your kids and teaches them principles you don’t agree with. Does watching violence in TV is harmful for your children? Is it Ok to let the 2 year olds watch TV unsupervised? No says the American replacing baby sitters? Hypothesis: Extensive viewing of television violence causes children to behave in aggressive or harmful ways to others. Children model behavior they see in the media, she wrote in 1993. IfRead MoreEffects of Television Violence and Children3538 Words   |  15 PagesEffects of Television violence and Children Outline: I.THESIS STAEMENT: Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behavior of children especially in their brain’s development. II. PORPUSE OF THE RESEARCH III. INTRODUCTION IV. HIPOTHESIS amp; METHOD A. CHILDREN QUESTIONNAIRE 1. HOW IT CAN AFFECT VIEWER’S BEHAVIOUR 2. CHILDREN RESPONSES B. EFFECTS amp; RESULTS 1. NEGATIVE EFFECTS a. Behavior ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children978 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision has become one of the most, if not the most, used form of entertainment for all ages. Every TV show has some kind of age limit whether it’s rated G or R, it’s not always easy for parents to moderate what their children are watching. Young children are very moldable, not only by the people around them, but what is on TV. I have conducted an experiment to see how much violence and aggression are in everyday television shows that children are likely to watch. I have watched three differentRead MoreThe Effects of Television Violence on Children Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages Thesis Statement: Unsupervised children who watch violence on television exhibit violence in their everyday lives and develop into aggressive adults. â€Å"Research shows that television violence increases levels of aggression, fear, and desensitization among some who consume it† (Hamilton). This quotation by James Hamilton briefly summarizes the potentially negative effects of television on young minds. A child’s favorite television show can keep a child occupied while the mother preparesRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Television Violence on Children712 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effects of Television Violence on Children According to the Article ?Violence on Television? published by the American Psychological Association at the website http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/violence.html, ?violent programs on television lead to aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch those programs.? Thats the word from a 1982 report by the National Institute of Mental Health, a report that confirmed and extended an earlier study done by the Surgeon General. As a result of

The Death Of Orlando Florida - 999 Words

Agreement was granting him the â€Å"Exclusive† right to vacation with the children and preference in odds years (2015 being the odd year). Moreover, the father did not know if his proposed order or this of the opposing counsel would be signed by the honorable Judge Bernstein when he left to Orlando with the children. Nevertheless, the order was signed in December 21, 2015 and was not entered in the system until December 24, 2015. Subsequent to this signing, the father was never served with the order. The Father left to Orlando Florida on December 27, 2015 and, by that time, he had not been served with the signed order of the Honorable Judge Bernstein. Neither the Court System nor the Mother’s attorney serve the father with the court order and†¦show more content†¦The father was under the honest impression, and was his argument, that his vacation time schedule had preference over any other vacations granted on the agreement to the mother in odd years. Neverthe less, the order signed on December 21, 2015 does not mentioned whether or not the father had preference to take his vacation with the children. The order stated as follows: â€Å"The Mother s Motion to Enforce Mediated Agreement is DENIED, as moot on the grounds that no variation of the Mediated Agreement has been requested. The agreement stands on its own.† (R. 748). It was not until January 18, 2016, when the opposing counsel filed a motion for contempt, that the father found out about the order that was entered on December 24, 2015. Consequently, the father did not have knowledge at any previous time before returning with the children from Orlando. Even if the father had received this order, the order was not clear enough to make the father understand what vacation dates had preference, which was the issue in dispute when the parties brought the issue to the court on December. II. THE LOWER TRIBUNAL ERRED WHEN GRANTED THE MOTHER ATTORNEY’S FEES IN A NON-EVIDENTIARY HEARING CONTRARY TO THE DUE PROCESS PROTECTION OFFERED UNDER THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION. A. No state can deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. The Supreme court of Florida, has held that â€Å"that the trial court s exercise of

Ducati free essay sample

Patrick EnglandDucati individual write up #3 Management 495 2/7/2012 Can Ducati sustain its position in the sport segment? Can Honda and other Japanese manufactures stop its growth in this segment? The ability for Ducati to sustain its position in the sport segment of motorcycles is going to depend on management’s ability to stay focused on keeping their image and story alive and in the minds of the motorcycle community. If management continues its current trend I believe that they can sustain their position, although there are challenges posed by the Japanese firms and changes in Ducati itself can also play a role in their ability to maintain their growth and position as the high end advanced sport bikes. Ducati’s decision to move from a mechanical company to an entertainment company could be the source of its success or its failure. The company to this point in 2001 had become known for their exotic engineering and design, focusing on beating the completion by any means, even if it involved producing a bike that many might call ugly or not the traditional motorcycle, so Ducati was running the risk of turning away the very customers and removing the image that had built them to the company they had become. We will write a custom essay sample on Ducati or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the decision made by Minoli, to become more of an entertainment company and to produce products that could be attractable by a wider variety of customers could also spur growth and market share that the company desperately wanted and needed if it was going to continue to compete with the Japanese bikes. I believe that if the management at Ducati can continue to make this â€Å"turnaround† hold and follow through with the goals laid out in it, then yes they can sustain their position, although any deviation or getting lack in the respects of implementing these long term goals will in my opinion hurt them greatly, for it is the image and the brand that Ducati represents that makes their products wanted. If they try too hard to copy the functions and company structure of competitors they very well may be destroying their core competitive advantage of image and product uniqueness. Japanese manufactures have been pushing hard in the sport market and have the capital and business structure to make a full fledge effort to take market share in the sport division. Honda and others have the ability to mimic the aspects of Ducati that have made them so revered by customers (mainly new technology and exotic styling) while still maintain their reliability and cost advantage. They will still continue to struggle with the â€Å"cookie cutter† image that has plagued them throughout their history, and I believe that if they can try to separate products in their sport division and create the image of uniqueness and exoticness that people associate with Ducati, then they definitely can pose a serious threat.

An Examination of Similes in the Iliad

An Examination of Similes in the Iliad and how H Essay omers Use of Them Affected theStoryAn Examination of Similes in the Iliad and how Homers Use of Them Affected theStoryIn the Iliad, Homer finds a great tool in the simile. Just by openingthe book in a random place the reader is undoubtedly faced with one, or within afew pages. Homer seems to use everyday activities, at least for the audience,his fellow Greeks, in these similes nearly exclusively. When one is confrontedwith a situation that is familiar, one is more likely to put aside contemplatingthe topic and simply inject those known feelings. This would definitely be aneffective tactic when used upon the people of Homers day. From the heroicefforts in the Iliad itself it is clear that the populace of his time werehighly emotional creatures, and higher brain activity seems to be in short, andin Odysseus case, valuable, order. It is also wise to remember that history is written by the winners. In theIliad, there seems to be relatively little storyline from the Trojans side. Weare regaled with story upon story of the Greeks, their heroes, and theirexploits, while the Trojans are conspicuously quiet, sans Hector of course. Itcould almost be assumed that throughout time most of the knowledge of the battlefrom the Trojan side had been lost. Considering the ability to affect feelings with similes, and the one-sidedview of history, Homer could be using similes to guide the reader in thedirection of his personal views, as happens with modern day political spin. These views that Homer might be trying to get across might be trying to favorTroy. It could easily be imagined that throughout time, only great things wereheard about the Greeks mettle in war, and that Homer is attempting to balancethe scales a bit by romanticizing the Trojan peoples, especially Hector, andbringing to light the lesser-heard tales of Greek stupidity. Shortly into Book Two, Agamemnon gives the speech to his assembly about hisplan to rally the troops with reverse psychology. Agamemnon shall announce heis giving up on taking Troy, whereupon the individual army captains will thenprevent their doing so. When the announcement is made, King Agamemnon isstartled to see the ranks, not surprisingly, take advantage of the chance toleave and make for the ships with vigor. Homer describes the scene as bees thatsally from some hollow cave and flit in countless throng among the springflowers, bunched in knots and clusters This simile is tainted with darkwords like from a hollow cave and bunched in knots, giving the bees anominous tone. The Greek ranks are painted as a throng of weak-kneed wimps withtheir constitution sapped, obviously not the case as they go on to win the war,but it suffices to cast the Lycians in a negative light. A short, but emotionally appealing, simile is found after the Greekwarriors have changed their mind about leaving and return to the Scamander:They stood as thick upon the flower-bespangled field as leaves that bloom insummer. This scene assumes quite a juxtaposition. A flower-bespangledbattlefield? This is perhaps an attempt to show the absurdity of the Greek army,changing positions from fleeing to brazenness as flowers are to the field ofdeath. Near the beginning of Book Three a group of elders of Troy, not fightingmaterial, but skilled orators, are found resting on the tower like cicadas thatchirrup delicately from the boughs of some high tree in a wood. The cicadassong and the tree in a wood cast memories of repose and relaxation, rest andpeace, which are then injected into the delicate elders. Another attempt ofHomer to cast the Trojans in a favorable light. Drug Abuse EssayIn Book Four Ajax duels with Simoeisius. Ajax runs Simoeisius through witha spear and he fell as a poplar that has grown straight and tall in a meadow bysome stream and is cut down by a wainwright with his gleaming axe. The imageof a well grown tree with great nourishment from the stream and the pastoralsetting acquainted with Simoeisius is consistent with Homers beautifying theTrojan tradition. Ajax is consistently portrayed as a giant, and with his greatspear it is no stretch to align him with the strength of the lumberjack with hisaxe, giving him an air of respect and reverence to him that extends beyond hisbattlefield prowess. Near the end of Book Five Diomedes is greeted by a rush from Hectorsforces. His reaction is described as like that of a man crossing a wide plain,dismayed to find himself on the brink of some great river rolling swiftly to thesea. Up until this point Diomedes had been a potent force for the Greeks. Hisnewfound humility brought upon by the unsurpassable river of Hectors troops. It is enough to convince us that Hectors army is menacing in this facet alone,but to imagine that mass of fighting spirit would be enough to purge its enemieslike the rapids swallows an unexperienced kayaker is all the more frightening. At the end of Book Six we find Paris catching up to Hector, to rejoin thebattle. Paris takes off as a horse, stabled and fed, breaks loose and gallopsgloriously over the plain to the place where he is wont to bathe in the fair-flowing river- he holds his head high, and his mane streams upon his shouldersas he exults in his strength and flies like the wind to the haunts and feedingground of the mares- even so went forth Paris from high Pergamus, gleaming likesunlight in his armor, and he laughed aloud as he sped swiftly on his way.Obviously Paris is just as much a show off as Agamemnon, and definitely morevain. This simile is packed with phrases that exalt strength, beauty andgracefulness, but little reference to battle prowess, thus presenting Paris asnothing more than a figure-head. The notable laughing at the end is somethingthat is singularly Trojan. Not once is a Greek found laughing, more evidencethat Homer has glamorized the Trojan lifestyle. The method I used for examining these examples is exceptionally difficult. First, I examined the way the similes were used and the effect they achieved,and at the same time, and the same space, attempted to prove that Homer tried tobring the Trojans a sense of honor they didnt receive in battle. Homerssimiles proved to have been generally bipolar, good or bad, and he applied themliberally where needed. The goal of Homers trade, as a poet, was to stirpeople, and the easier the better. What better way than to appeal to onesalready experienced emotions? To make a person feel like their everyday actionssomehow partook in a greater story is what is accomplished by using the similesthat Homer used. These similes brought the story down to earth, and everydaylife into the story. There is evidence for Homer favoring the Trojans, at least literarily, inthis poem. His consistent use of beauty and grace with the Trojans contrastedwith the viciousness portrayed in the Greeks is clear. Homer might have givenother Trojan warriors besides Hector moments of aristea also if their exploitshad not have been lost through time. Anyone, especially a poet, would feelindebted to the dead to give them some honor for their duties, and Homer hasdone just that. English

John F. Kennedy In Vietnam Essay Paper Example For Students

John F. Kennedy In Vietnam Essay Paper John F. Kennedy in VietnamJOHN F. KENNEDY IN VIETNAM There are many critical questions surrounding United States involvement in Vietnam. American entry to Vietnam was a series of many choices made by five successive presidents during these years of 1945-1975. The policies of John F. Kennedy during the years of 1961-1963 were ones of military action, diplomacy, and liberalism. Each of his decision was on its merits at the time the decision was made. The belief that Vietnam was a test of the Americas ability to defeat communists in Vietnam lay at the center of Kennedys policy. Kennedy promised in his inaugural address, Let every nation know.. .that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty. From the 1880s until World War II, France governed Vietnam as part of French Indochina, which also included Cambodia and Laos. The country was under the formal control of an emperor, Bao Dai. From 1946 until 1954, the Vietnamese struggled for their independence from France during the first Indochina War. At the end of this war, the country was temporarily divided into North and South Vietnam. North Vietnam came under the control of the Vietnamese Communists who had opposed France and aimed for a unified Vietnam under Communist rule. Vietnamese who had collaborated with the French controlled the South. For this reason the United States became involved in Vietnam because it believed that if all of the country fell under a Communist government, Communism would spread throughout Southeast Asia and further. This belief was known as the domino theory. The decision to enter Vietnam reflected Americas idea of its global role-U.S. could not recoil from world leadership. The U.S. government supported the South Vietnamese government. The U.S. government wanted to establish the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), which extended protection to South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in case of Communist subversion. SEATO, which came into force in 1955, became the way which Washington justified its support for South Vietnam; this support eventually became direct involvement of U. S. troops. In 1955, the United States picked Ngo Dinh Diem to replace Bao Dai as head of the anti-Communist regime in South Vietnam. Eisenhower chose to support Ngo Dinh Diem. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Mass., on May 29, 1917. Kennedy graduated from Harvard University in 1940 and joined the Navy the next year. After recovering from a war-aggravated spinal injury, Kennedy entered politics in 1946 and was elected to Congress. After a hard primary battle, Kennedy won the Democratic presidential nomination on the first ballot at the 1960 Los Angeles convention. With a majority of 118,574 votes, he won the election over Vice President Richard M. Nixon and became the first Roman Catholic president. Kennedy was inaugurated January 20, 1961. January 19, 1961 was President Eisenhower last full day in office. He met with President elect Kennedy to lay out pressing national issues he would have to face. Tensions between the United States and the USSR had mounted after World War II, resulting in the Cold War. JFK would have to deal with that problem. There was an intense discussion about Laos and Vietnam between Kennedy and Eisenhower. Another problem JFK had inherited was Diem from Eisenhower. Kennedys cabinet members were made up of many different thinkers. Dean Rusk, the Secretary of State believed that there was a communist plot to take over the world and it must be stopped. Walt Rostow, the presidential advisor believes that we should use military force to cut off supplies to the Vietcong, have large scale bombings of North Vietnam and accelerate modernization in South Vietnam. General Maxwell Taylor criticized Eisenhowers conventional training efforts. McGeorge Bundy, the NSC advisor wanted to attack the Vietcong and North Vietnam if necessary. George Ball believed that Diem regime was corrupt and to create democracy in Vietnam was impossible. How Democratic Is The American Constitution Essay But South Vietnamese troops are defeated by a much smaller Vietcong force despite U.S. assistance. In November 1, 1963, Ngo Diem regime came to an end when he died of and unclear cause. It is speculated that he was overthrown and then assassinated by ARVN leaders. US became responsible for the chaos afterward, which led to an increased commitment of US troops. By this time Kennedy was thinking ahead to the presidential campaign of 1964. Unfortunately Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, TX. Despite trauma of the assassination of the president the nation lied without him. Succeeding to the presidency after Kennedys assassination was Lyndon B. Johnson. Johnson had inherited a more dangerous crisis than Eisenhower and Kennedy. And contrary to popular belief Johnson was not oblivious to Vietnam when he became president. LBJ inherited JFK plans and vowed to continue his policies. He also felt he had to take a forceful position on Vietnam so that other Communist countries would not think that the United States lacked purpose. Kennedy had begun to consider the possibility of withdrawal from Vietnam and had even ordered the removal of 1000 advisers shortly before he was assassinated, but Johnson increased the number of U. S. advisers to 27,000 by mid-1964. The Kennedy advisors viewed JFK as an effective leader of South Vietnam. Some opposition to JFK say he made some critical mistakes in regard to Vietnam. For example, he had a poor strategy. There were multiple options military could not decide how to win and they disagreed on what to do. In North Vietnam, there was no front line to stop the influx of supplies. The neutralization to stop supplies in Laos failed. And we definitely underestimated the enemy. North Vietnam more determined that we thought. There has been much speculation on what JFK would have done in Vietnam had he not been assassinated. Presidential aide Walt Rostow, says that Kennedy intend to withdrawal American military from Vietnam after 1964 election. Dean Rusk on the other hand believed Kennedy would have eventually brought US into war with Vietnam. Robert McNamera having reviewed everything believes that if JFK had lived, he would have pulled us out of Vietnam. Although many disagree with what McNamara says. And in the fiction movie JFK, by Oliver Stone his version of the Kennedy assassination was that Kennedy had already decided to pull out of Vietnam, and was killed for that reason. So would Kennedy have fallen into the Vietnam War as Johnson did? No one can be sure, and Kennedy supporters can certainly believe that he would have avoided Johnsons massive commitment -even though he had the same advisors as Johnson and the same desire to prevent a Communist takeover. We will never know for sure what President Kennedy intended to do in Vietnam. All the general public has to go on is speculation from close to JFK. Bibliography Bibliography Dudley, William. The Vietnam War: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Gardner, Lloyd C. , and Ted Gittinger. Vietnam: The Early Decisions. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997. Karnow, Stanley. Vietnam: The War Nobody Won. New York: The Viking Press, 1983. Kimball, Jeffery. To Reason Why. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990. Lomperis, Timothy. The War Everybody Lost and Won. 2nd ed. revised. Washington: D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1993. McNamera, Robert. In Retrospect , The Tragedy in Vietnam. New York: Dell Publishing Group, 1996. Olson, James S. The Vietnam War. London: Greenwood Press, 1993. Rowe, John, and Rick Berg. The Vietnam War and American Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. Rust, William J. Kennedy in Vietnam. New York: U. S. News ; World Report, Inc., 1985. Schwab, Orrin. Defending the Free World: John F. Kennedy and the Vietnam War. London: Praeger Publishers, 1998.