Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the downregulation of Bamboo mosaic virus and its associated satellite RNA Replication :: Biology, RNA

The association of innkeeper proteins with viral replicase complexes has been demonstrate in a number of plus-strand ribonucleic acid computer viruses (1, 24), including the Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV). In BaMV it has been reported that chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) (25) and HSP90 (Huang et al., unpublished data) are required for the efficient appeal of BaMV where as the identity of the additional factors associated within the BaMV RdRp complex, and the proteins involved in satBaMV RNA sound reflection are not yet been acknowledged. This study identified a host metabolic enzyme namely GAPDH, that interact to negatively regulate the Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) and its associated satellite RNA accumulation. The RNA binding properties of GAPDH has already been documented for a number of viruses (9, 14, 29, 41, 53, 56). However, the fundamental interaction of GAPDH protein with different viral RNAs results in a functionally different mode of regulation on viral getting eve n and translation. For exemplification GAPDH interacts with the JEV NS5 protein indirectly by binding with 3-ends of JEV, resulting in virus-induced redistribution of GAPDH to control the other(a) stage of JEV replication/translation (53). GAPDH plays a major functional federal agency in the replication of tombusviruses through the retention of the viral minus-strand RNA usher in the replication complex in order to promote crooked RNA synthesis (48). In contrast, GAPDH inhibits viral replication in the interaction with other viruses. For example Silencing GAPDH increases TGEV infection by 2-3 times, demonstrating the anti-TGEV activity of this protein (14). Binding GAPDH to the HAV RNA suppresses cap-independent translation due the destabilization of the secondary structure of RNA (55). In our study, a downregulation of GAPDH-C led to a 2 to 3-fold increase in the replication BaMV and satBaMV RNA, indicating that GAPDH-C has an inhibitory effect on BaMV and satBaMV infection. In addition, an increase in BaMV-GFP was detect on inoculated leaves in GAPDH-C silenced N. benthamiana, revealing that GAPDH-C functions in the early stages piece of music the virus is establishing a successful infection of the primary invaded cells. Similarly, when GAPDH-C is transiently denotative, a 70-80% reduction in the accumulation of BaMV as well a appreciable downregulation of BaMV-GFP/satBaMV-GFP was observed in N. benthamiana plants. A similar decrease in the accumulation TMV and the size rather than the number of TMV- GFP foci was observed when TARF was transiently expressed in N. benthamiana (52). Together, this appears to imply that the expression of GAPDH-C has a negative effect on BaMV/satBaMV infection.